Bile acids in treatment of ocular disease |
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Authors: | Jeffrey H Boatright John M Nickerson Anisha G Moring Machelle T Pardue |
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Institution: | 1Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, B5511 Emory Eye Center, 1365-B Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA ;2Rehab R&D CoE, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA USA |
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Abstract: | Bear bile has been included in Asian pharmacopeias for thousands of years in treatment of several diseases, ranging from sore throat to hemorrhoids. The hydrophilic bile acids tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) are the major bile acids of bear bile. Both of these are available as synthetic formulations and are approved by the health administrations of several countries for treatment of cirrhosis and gallstones. This review briefly covers the use of bear bile in Traditional Chinese Medicine, bile acid physiology, approved use of UDCA and TUDCA in Western medicine, and recent research exploring their neuroprotective properties, including in models of ocular disease. |
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Keywords: | Neuroprotection Apoptosis Retinal degeneration Bile acid Traditional Chinese medicine Tauroursodeoxycholic acid TUDCA Ursodeoxycholic acid UDCA |
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