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Biotechnological applications of brown spider (Loxosceles genus) venom toxins |
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| Authors: | Senff-Ribeiro Andrea Henrique da Silva Paulo Chaim Olga Meiri Gremski Luiza Helena Paludo Kátia Sabrina Bertoni da Silveira Rafael Gremski Waldemiro Mangili Oldemir Carlos Veiga Silvio Sanches |
| Institution: | bDepartment of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil cMedical Clinic Discipline, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil dDepartment of Structural, Molecular Biology and Genetics, State University of Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil eDepartment of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil fDepartment of Physiology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil |
| Abstract: | Loxoscelism (the term used to define accidents by the bite of brown spiders) has been reported worldwide. Clinical manifestations following brown spider bites are frequently associated with skin degeneration, a massive inflammatory response at the injured region, intravascular hemolysis, platelet aggregation causing thrombocytopenia and renal disturbances. The mechanisms by which the venom exerts its noxious effects are currently under investigation. The whole venom is a complex mixture of toxins enriched with low molecular mass proteins in the range of 5–40 kDa. Toxins including alkaline phosphatase, hyaluronidase, metalloproteases (astacin-like proteases), low molecular mass (5.6–7.9 kDa) insecticidal peptides and phospholipases-D (dermonecrotic toxins) have been identified in the venom. The purpose of the present review is to describe biotechnological applications of whole venom or some toxins, with especial emphasis upon molecular biology findings obtained in the last years. |
| Keywords: | Loxosceles Venom Toxins Recombinant toxins Brown spider Biotechnological applications |
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