The Characterization and Geographical Distribution of the Genes Responsible for Vernalization Requirement in Chinese Bread Wheat |
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Authors: | Qing-Ming Sun Rong-Hua Zhou Li-Feng Gao Guang-Yao Zhao Ji-Zeng Jia |
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Institution: | 1.College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China ;2.Department of Crop Molecular Biology, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China |
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Abstract: | The frequency and distribution of the major vernalization requirement genes and their effects on growth habits were studied.Of the 551 bread wheat genotypes tested,seven allelic combinations of the three Vrn.1 genes were found to be responsible for the spring habit,three for the facultative habit and one for the winter habit.The three Vrn-1 genes behaved additively with the dominant allele of Vrn-A1 exerting the strongest effect.The allele combinations of the facultative genotypes and the discovery of spring genotypes with "winter" allele of Vrn-1 implied the presence of as yet unidentified alleles/genes for vernalization response.The dominant alleles of the three Vrn-1 genes were found in all ten ecological regions where wheat Is cultivated in China,with Vrn-D1 as the most common allele in nine and Vrn-A1 in one.The combination of vrn-A 1vrnB 1Vrn-D1 was the predominant genotype in seven of the regions.Compared with landraces,improved varieties contain a higher proportion of the spring type.This was attributed by a higher frequency of the dominant Vrn-A1 and Vrn-B1 alleles in the latter.Correlations between Vrn-1 allelic constitutions and heading date,spike length,plant type as well as cold tolerance were established. |
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Keywords: | common wheat genotyping geographical distribution vernalization |
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