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Consumption of the triazine herbicide atrazine by laccase and laccase-free variants of the soil fungus Mycelia sterilia INBI-2-26
Authors:Vasil'chenko L G  Khromonygina V V  Koroleva O V  Landesman E O  Gaponenko V V  Kovaleva T A  Kozlov Iu P  Rabinovich M L
Institution:Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 33, Moscow, 119071 Russia.
Abstract:Asporogenic fungus Mycelia sterilia INBI 2-26 isolated from tropical soils with high residual dioxin content (as a result of Agent Orange defoliant treatment during the Vietnamese-American war) and capable of atrazine decomposition was treated to obtain protoplasts. This technique resulted in isolation of laccase-positive and laccase-negative clones. Atrazine consumption by liquid surface cultures of Mycelia sterilia INBI 2-26 was monitored by using enzyme immune assay and reversed phase HPLC. Atrazine (20 micrograms/l) stimulated fungal growth. Laccase-positive clone consumed up to 80% of atrazine within four weeks. However, no correlation of atrazine consumption and laccase activity in the culture medium was observed. Moreover, the laccase-negative clone was also capable of consuming at least 60-70% of atrazine within three weeks. Surprisingly, in the corresponding control set (cultivation of laccase-negative clone without atrazine) an unidentified metabolite having a retention time and UV-spectrum similar to those of atrazine was also found. It was concluded that the presence of laccase was not a crucial factor in atrazine consumption by this fungus.
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