河南荥阳官庄遗址两周时期人牙结石的植物淀粉粒

本文对河南官庄遗址两周时期人牙结石开展了淀粉粒分析,发现了数量丰富的淀粉粒以及少量植硅体。可鉴定形态的淀粉粒主要来自粟、黍、小麦、小豆等农作物以及坚果、块茎植物;植硅体中则有来自水稻颖片的双峰型植硅体。此次研究表明官庄先民食物来源广泛,包括多种农作物和采集植物,其中粟黍类农作物在食物构成中占据主要地位,而小麦所占比例很可能已仅次于粟黍。结合包括官庄遗址和周边若干遗址的浮选结果,两周时期中原腹心地区仍是北方传统的粟作农业,但农作物种植已明显多样化;与此同时,小麦在农作物体系中的重要性增加,中原地区农作物种植体系由以粟黍为主转向以小麦为主的趋势已经出现。

Starch grain analysis of human dental calculus from the Guanzhuang site,Henan Province

This paper aims to investigate human foodstuffs and lifestyle during the Western and Eastern Zhou Dynasties in the core area of the Central Plains using starch grain analysis of human dental calculus. Plant microfossils, starch grains and phytoliths, which were found in most calculus samples from the Guanzhuang site, were from millets, bread wheat, rice, adzuki, tubers and acorns.Diversity of starch grains and phytoliths extracted from dental calculus and analyzed for their morphological characteristics indicates that a variety of starchy plants, including crops and gathered plants, were consumed by the Guanzhuang inhabitants. Millets were dominant in the human diet of the Guanzhuang site. Bread wheat was of secondary importance. Combined with the macrobotanical evidence from the Guanzhuang and other neighboring sites, a traditional millet agricultural system still existed in the core area of the Central Plains when the multiple cropping system had emerged in this region. Meanwhile, the importance of bread wheat increased in the agricultural system during the Western and Eastern Zhou Dynasties and a change in the cropping system from millet-dominant to bread wheat-dominant ocurred.