In Vivo Correlation of Glucose Metabolism,Cell Density and Microcirculatory Parameters in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer: Initial Results Using Simultaneous PET/MRI

Objective

To demonstrate the feasibility of simultaneous acquisition of ¹⁸F-FDG-PET, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and T1-weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (T1w-DCE) in an integrated simultaneous PET/MRI in patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) and to investigate possible correlations between these parameters.

Methods

17 patients that had given informed consent (15 male, 2 female) with biopsy-proven HNSCC underwent simultaneous ¹⁸F-FDG-PET/MRI including DWI and T1w-DCE. SUV_max, SUV_mean, ADC_mean, ADC_min and K ^trans, k _ep and v _e were measured for each tumour and correlated using Spearman’s ρ.

Results

Significant correlations were observed between SUV_mean and K ^trans (ρ = 0.43; p ≤ 0.05); SUV_mean and k _ep (ρ = 0.44; p ≤ 0.05); K ^trans and k _ep (ρ = 0.53; p ≤ 0.05); and between k _ep and v _e (ρ = -0.74; p ≤ 0.01). There was a trend towards statistical significance when correlating SUV_max and ADC_min (ρ = -0.35; p = 0.08); SUV_max and K ^trans (ρ = 0.37; p = 0.07); SUV_max and k _ep (ρ = 0.39; p = 0.06); and ADC_mean and v _e (ρ = 0.4; p = 0.06).

Conclusion

Simultaneous ¹⁸F-FDG-PET/MRI including DWI and T1w-DCE in patients with HNSCC is feasible and allows depiction of complex interactions between glucose metabolism, microcirculatory parameters and cellular density.