Experimental removal of the male parent negatively affects growth and immunocompetence in nestling great tits |
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Authors: | Email author" target="_blank">Snoeijs?TinneEmail author Pinxten?Rianne Eens?Marcel |
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Institution: | (1) Behaviour and Ecology Research Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Campus CDE, Building C, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium |
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Abstract: | Given the available empirical evidence on the benefits and costs associated with immune defence, a role for the immune system
in the trade-off between current and future reproduction has been predicted. This hypothesis was studied in a free-living
population of great tits (Parus major) by examining the effects of male removal on the immunocompetence, body condition, and recapture probability in the widowed
females and their nestlings. Furthermore, we investigated whether growth and its relation to immunocompetence were affected
in the nestlings. For a short-lived species such as the great tit, one could predict that widowed females will compensate
for the lack of any male assistance in feeding of their chicks and that they consequently might jeopardize their own health.
However, we did not find any negative effects of male removal on body mass or condition, nor on humoral immunocompetence against
sheep red blood cells in the widowed females by the end of the feeding period. In contrast, we observed significantly reduced
body mass and size as well as a reduced T-lymphocyte cell-mediated immune response (expressed as the thickness of the swelling
to a subcutaneous injection with phytohemagglutinin) in the experimental nestlings compared to the control nestlings. In addition,
the experimental nestlings showed a tendency for a reduced chance to be found breeding the following year. Furthermore, our
results showed that in the experimental nestlings, which suffered from unfavourable growth conditions, tarsus length was inversely
related to cell-mediated immunocompetence, whereas in control nestlings this relationship was significantly positive. The
relationship between cell-mediated immunity and body condition was found to be significantly positive in the experimental
nestlings while in control nestlings there was no relationship between both variables. The latter finding suggests different
priorities of investment in body condition between different growth conditions. |
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Keywords: | Parus major Trade-off(s) Male removal experiment Immune function Parent– offspring conflict |
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