The development and reversal of the tolerance to morphine in the longitudinal smooth muscle-myenteric plexus preparation of the guinea pig

Chronic treatment with morphine results in a reduction in the potency of morphine in the longitudinal smooth muscle-myenteric plexus of the guinea-pig ileum. Implantation of morphine pellets leads to the development of tolerance to the inhibitory effects of morphine upon neurogenic contractions of this preparation. Tolerance develops within 24 hours, peaks between days 4 and 7 and disappears by day 14. A similar time course for the development of tolerance to the inhibitory effects of 2-chloroadenosine is also seen in these same morphine-tolerant preparations. The rate of reversal of morphine tolerance was assessed after the removal of the morphine pellets four days after implantation. In this situation, tolerance to the effects of morphine were maintained for at least 24 hours, were partially reversed at day 2 and were totally reversed by day 4. The delay in the development and reversal of the effect are consistent with the fact that chronic treatment with morphine evokes an adaptive sensitivity change.