氯酚类化合物的微生物降解研究进展

综述了近年在具有降解氯酚类化合物能力的微生物的筛选、氯酚类化合物的好氧和厌氧降解机制以及现代生物技术的开发利用研究．阐述了氯酚类化合物在不同条件下的降解路径．在好氧条件下，单氯酚和二氯酚在氧化酶的攻击下形成氯代邻二酚，邻二酚开环生成相应的氯代粘康酸或半醛，粘康酸内酯化过程中释放氯离子；高度氯代的化合物则是在氢氧化酶作用下生成氯代醌，并逐步脱去所有的氯原子生成苯酚后才开环．在厌氧或缺氧条件下，氯酚进行还原脱氯，在得到电子的同时去掉一个氯取代基．

Research advances in biodegradation of chlorophenols in environment

This paper examines the biodegradation of chlorophenols by microbes and deals with the chlorophenols degrading microbes and the usage of biotechnology with special emphasis on degradation mechanisms. Dechlorination is the first critical step in the bacterial degradation of many chloroniated pollutants. Under aerobic condition, the degradation of mono and dichlorophenols is shown to be initiated by oxygenation into chlorocatechols, and dechlorination occurs only after ring cleavage of the chlorocatechols. The degradation of polychlorinated phenols starts by hydrolytic para hydroxylation, yielding chlorinated para hydroquinone. The anaerobic biodegradation of chlorophenols occurs by reductive dechlorination, a process by which chlorines are replaced with hydrogen.