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Heavily glycosylated, highly fit SIVMne variants continue to diversify and undergo selection after transmission to a new host and they elicit early antibody dependent cellular responses but delayed neutralizing antibody responses
Authors:Dawnnica Eastman  Anne Piantadosi  Xueling Wu  Donald N Forthal  Gary Landucci  Jason T Kimata  Julie Overbaugh
Institution:1. Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523-1692, USA
3. Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, 80522, USA
2. Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011-1250, USA
4. La Crosse County Health Department, –, La Crosse, WI, 54601-3228, USA
Abstract:The evolutionary success of La Crosse virus (LACV, family Bunyaviridae) is due to its ability to adapt to changing conditions through intramolecular genetic changes and segment reassortment. Vertical transmission of LACV in mosquitoes increases the potential for segment reassortment. Studies were conducted to determine if segment reassortment was occurring in naturally infected Aedes triseriatus from Wisconsin and Minnesota in 2000, 2004, 2006 and 2007. Mosquito eggs were collected from various sites in Wisconsin and Minnesota. They were reared in the laboratory and adults were tested for LACV antigen by immunofluorescence assay. RNA was isolated from the abdomen of infected mosquitoes and portions of the small (S), medium (M) and large (L) viral genome segments were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. Overall, the viral sequences from 40 infected mosquitoes and 5 virus isolates were analyzed. Phylogenetic and linkage disequilibrium analyses revealed that approximately 25% of infected mosquitoes and viruses contained reassorted genome segments, suggesting that LACV segment reassortment is frequent in nature.
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