影响北京地区湿地沉水植物群落组成的主要水环境因子

为了揭示影响沉水植物群落组成的水环境因子,包括水体的水文过程和理化特性,分析用特定沉水植物或群落作为检测水环境的直接指示物的可能性,选取北京地区的淡水湿地9处,采用系统取样法进行野外调查.每条样带记录沉水植物的鲜质量和湿地水文参数(流速和水深);同时取水样检测其理化参数:透明度、水温、电导率、pH值、氧化还原位、总氮、总磷、化学需氧量.对环境因子和沉水植物生物量进行DCCA排序,再运用双向分类矩阵,最终将14种沉水植物分为10个类群.结合群落水环境参数综合分析,影响植物群落组成的因子是流速、总氮含量、化学需氧量、电导率、氧化还原电位,其中流速的作用非常显著.不同沉水植物群落分类组对环境因子有明显的指示意义,狐尾藻+菹草群落是水体严重富营养化的表现,而北京水毛茛群落的出现是水质较好的表现.

Abstract：

In order to reveal the hydro-environmental factors affecting the community composition of wetland submerged plants, and to approach the possibility of using certain submerged plant species or communities as the direct indicators in detecting hydro-environment, a field investiga-tion was conducted on nine freshwater wetlands in Beijing. The plant fresh mass, wetland hydro-logical parameters (flow rate and water depth), and water physical and chemical parameters (transparency, temperature, conductivity, pH, redox potential, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and chemical oxygen demand) were measured, and DCCA ordination was made. Based on the ordination, and by using two-way classification matrix, the fourteen wetland submerged plant spe-cies in Beijing were classified into ten groups. According to the comprehensive analysis on the measured variables, the factors affecting the community composition of the wetland submerged plants were flow rate, total nitrogen concentration, chemical oxygen demand, conductivity, and redox potential, among which, flow rate was the key. Different submerged plant communities had indicative significanees for the wetland hydro-environment. For example, the occurrence of Myri-ophyllum spicatum + Potamongeton crispus community was an indicator for severe eutrophication, while that of Batrachium pekinens community could be regarded as an indicator of better water quality.

Major hydro-environmental factors affecting the community composition of wetland submerged plants in Beijing

In order to reveal the hydro-environmental factors affecting the community composition of wetland submerged plants, and to approach the possibility of using certain submerged plant species or communities as the direct indicators in detecting hydro-environment, a field investiga-tion was conducted on nine freshwater wetlands in Beijing. The plant fresh mass, wetland hydro-logical parameters (flow rate and water depth), and water physical and chemical parameters (transparency, temperature, conductivity, pH, redox potential, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and chemical oxygen demand) were measured, and DCCA ordination was made. Based on the ordination, and by using two-way classification matrix, the fourteen wetland submerged plant spe-cies in Beijing were classified into ten groups. According to the comprehensive analysis on the measured variables, the factors affecting the community composition of the wetland submerged plants were flow rate, total nitrogen concentration, chemical oxygen demand, conductivity, and redox potential, among which, flow rate was the key. Different submerged plant communities had indicative significanees for the wetland hydro-environment. For example, the occurrence of Myri-ophyllum spicatum + Potamongeton crispus community was an indicator for severe eutrophication, while that of Batrachium pekinens community could be regarded as an indicator of better water quality.