Ret-dependent and Ret-independent mechanisms of Gfl-induced sensitization |
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Authors: | Brian S Schmutzler Shannon Roy Sherry K Pittman Rena M Meadows Cynthia M Hingtgen |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, USA 2. Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Drive, Emerson Hall, Room 125, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, USA 3. Program in Medical Neurobiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, R2, Room 402, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, USA
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Abstract: | Background The GDNF family ligands (GFLs) are regulators of neurogenic inflammation and pain. We have previously shown that GFLs increase the release of the sensory neuron neuropeptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) from isolated mouse DRG. Results Inhibitors of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway abolished the enhancement of CGRP release by GDNF. Neurturin-induced enhancement in the stimulated release of CGRP, used as an indication of sensory neuronal sensitization, was abolished by inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI-3K) pathway. Reduction in Ret expression abolished the GDNF-induced sensitization, but did not fully inhibit the increase in stimulus-evoked release of CGRP caused by neurturin or artemin, indicating the presence of Ret-independent GFL-induced signaling in sensory neurons. Integrin β-1 and NCAM are involved in a component of Ret-independent GFL signaling in sensory neurons. Conclusions These data demonstrate the distinct and variable Ret-dependent and Ret-independent signaling mechanisms by which GFLs induce sensitization of sensory neurons. Additionally, there is a clear disconnect between intracellular signaling pathway activation and changes in sensory neuronal function. |
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