The effect of calcium ion on the biodegradation of octylphenol polyethoxylates,and the antiandrogenic activity of their biodegradates |
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Authors: | Atsushi Shibata Yoichi Ishimoto Yosuke Nishizaki Akifumi Hosoda Hiromichi Yoshikawa Hiroto Tamura |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Environmental Biology, Meijo University, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan;(2) Department of Life, Environmental and Material Science, Fukuoka Institute of Technology, Fukuoka 811-0295, Japan;(3) Present address: Department of Geotechnical and Environmental Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan |
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Abstract: | Because limes have been used as important fertilizers to neutralize acidified farmland in Japan, our interest in this study was focused on the effect of calcium ion on the biodegradation of octylphenol polyethoxylates (OPEOn) by a pure culture of Pseudomonas putida S5 isolated from a rice paddy field in Japan. In the presence of calcium ion, P. putida S5 accelerated the formation of octylphenol oligoethoxy carboxylates (OPECn) rather than that of octylphenol oligoethoxylates under an aerobic condition, indicating that more soluble biodegradates with terminal carboxyl group may liquate out easily to surface and ground water rather than more hydrophobic biodegradates with shorter ethylene oxide residues. Therefore, the androgen receptor (AR) activity of their degradation products was characterized using an in vitro reporter gene assay. As ethylene oxide chain length decreased, the biodegradates, OPEOn (n < 3), increased their AR antagonist activity. However, OPECn (n < 3) were unable to determine their AR activity because of their cytotoxicity in our reporter gene assay system. |
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Keywords: | Alkylphenol Androgen receptor Endocrine disruptor MDA-kb2 Pseudomonas putida Reporter gene assay |
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