On the dynamics of the hanuman langur populations of jodhpur (Rajasthan,India)

The city of Jodhpur (26°18′N, 73°8′E) supports a population of about 900 hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus) divided into 24 bisexual troops and 12 all-male bands in an area of 60 km². This population has been censused from 1968 to 1978. Over this period the population of bisexual troops has remained stable around 700, while the population of all-male bands has increased from 160 to 230 individuals. The bisexual troops show a tendency towards a reduction in population growth rate with increasing troop size, with troops over 50–60 tending to split. Very small troops may grow by large scale immigration. Although a number of male changes and mortality through infanticide have been recorded, there is no evidence of a regular periodicity in the occurrence of initial, growth and mature phases in the life history of a bisexual troop. Unlike the bisexual troops, the all-male bands show no tendency towards a reduction in growth rate with the increase in band size, but show a continuous growth of band size over the study period. Langurs of Jodhpur rely heavily on cultivated fields for their sustenance. This cultivation has been on increase over the study period, and since the males invade cultivation more readily, they may have been able to take fuller advantage of these increasing resources and affect a population increase that has not been possible for the bisexual troops.