Effect of auxins on berberine synthesis in cell suspension culture of Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colebr--a critically endangered medicinal liana of Western Ghats

Cell suspension culture of critically endangered Coscinium fenestratum was established from young leaf segments on WPM supplemented with auxins. Effect of 2,4-D, IAA, IBA and NAA was examined on cell growth and berberine production. Berberine was synthesized and released continuously into the liquid medium. Presence of 2,4-D stimulated cell growth, but was not inhibitory on berberine synthesis. On the contrary, NAA stimulated berberine biosynthesis, but was not favourable for cell growth. Among the auxins tested, highest yield of berberine (5.79 mg/30 ml; 4.14 times to that of control) was obtained with 4 mg/l of NAA, while the best cell growth (214.43 mg dry wt., 1.96 times to that of control) was observed in the presence of 2 mg/l of 2,4-D. IAA and IBA were not favourable for cell growth and berberine synthesis.