Fear is readily associated with an out-group face in a minimal group context |
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| Authors: | Carlos David Navarrete Melissa M. McDonald Benjamin D. Asher Norbert L. Kerr Kunihiro Yokota Andreas Olsson Jim Sidanius |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48820, USA;2. Hiroshima Shudo University, Hiroshima 731-3195, Japan;3. Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;4. Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA;1. Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States;2. Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States;1. ?Dimitrie Cantemir” Christian University of Bucharest, Str. Splaiul Unirii, nr. 176, sector 4,Bucharest, Postcode 030134,Romania;2. ?Dimitrie Cantemir” Christian University of Bucharest, Str. Splaiul Unirii, nr. 176, sector 4, Bucharest, Postcode 030134, Romania;1. Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China;2. Institute of Cognition, Brain and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China;3. Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China;1. Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0336, USA;2. Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA |
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| Abstract: | Research on prepared learning demonstrates that fear-conditioning biases may exist to natural hazards (e.g., snakes) compared to nonnatural hazards (e.g., electrical cords) and that fear is more readily learned toward exemplars of a racial out-group than toward exemplars of one's own race. Here we push the limits of the generalizability of the mechanisms underlying race biases in a fear-conditioning paradigm by using arbitrary group categories not distinguished by race. Groups were distinguishable solely by t-shirt color, with assignment based on performance in a perceptual task. In this “minimal group paradigm,” we found that out-group exemplars were more readily associated with an aversive stimulus than exemplars of one's in-group. Our findings suggest that prepared learning in an intergroup context is not limited to contexts involving racial categories involving histories rife with cultural stereotypes and that previous findings of learning biases along racial lines may be interpreted as a by-product of a broader psychological system for prepared fear learning toward categories of agents that may have posed persistent threats over human evolutionary history. |
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