Influence of fasting and exercise on the daily rhythm of serum leptin in the horse

The hormone leptin is secreted by white adipocytes and regulates food intake and energy expenditure in rodents and humans. The goal of the present study was to investigate the existence of a daily rhythm of serum leptin in horses and its dependence on fasting and physical exercise. A robust daily rhythm of leptin was found in both athletic and sedentary horses, with a daytime trough and a peak in the dark phase. While physical exercise never induced changes in circulating leptin, fasting reliably affected serum leptin levels. Food deprivation did not abolish the daily rhythm of serum leptin, but daily mean leptin levels in fasted horses were significantly lower than in regularly fed horses. This result indicates that leptin production is not a mere consequence of feeding behavior. The fact that in a large animal such as the horse a short fast decreases leptin without significantly changing the body weight demonstrates that changes in levels of circulating leptin associated with food restriction do not solely reflect changes in amount of body fat.