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Signalling requirements for Erwinia amylovora‐induced disease resistance,callose deposition and cell growth in the non‐host Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors:Safae Hamdoun  Min Gao  Manroop Gill  Ashley Kwon  John L Norelli  Hua Lu
Institution:1. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA;2. State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;3. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
Abstract:Erwinia amylovora is the causal agent of the fire blight disease in some plants of the Rosaceae family. The non‐host plant Arabidopsis serves as a powerful system for the dissection of mechanisms of resistance to E. amylovora. Although not yet known to mount gene‐for‐gene resistance to E. amylovora, we found that Arabidopsis activated strong defence signalling mediated by salicylic acid (SA), with kinetics and amplitude similar to that induced by the recognition of the bacterial effector avrRpm1 by the resistance protein RPM1. Genetic analysis further revealed that SA signalling, but not signalling mediated by ethylene (ET) and jasmonic acid (JA), is required for E. amylovora resistance. Erwinia amylovora induces massive callose deposition on infected leaves, which is independent of SA, ET and JA signalling and is necessary for E. amylovora resistance in Arabidopsis. We also observed tumour‐like growths on E. amylovora‐infected Arabidopsis leaves, which contain enlarged mesophyll cells with increased DNA content and are probably a result of endoreplication. The formation of such growths is largely independent of SA signalling and some E. amylovora effectors. Together, our data reveal signalling requirements for E. amylovora‐induced disease resistance, callose deposition and cell fate change in the non‐host plant Arabidopsis. Knowledge from this study could facilitate a better understanding of the mechanisms of host defence against Eamylovora and eventually improve host resistance to the pathogen.
Keywords:callose  cell growth  defence signalling  effectors  endoreplication  fire blight  programmed cell death
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