1989-2011年东洞庭湖草洲出露面积变化及其与水位响应的关系

基于多时相的Landsat MSS/TM/ETM⁺遥感影像数据,采用决策树分类法提取1989-2011年共49景东洞庭湖不同水位条件下的草洲出露面积,结合1985-2011年城陵矶日水位数据及数字高程模型,分析草洲时空变化特征并阐明其变化趋势.结果表明: 研究区出露草洲面积受水位影响显著,两者呈极显著的线性关系(R²=0.875,P<0.001),出露草洲面积随水位的升高而逐渐减小,且水位越高,对草洲出露面积的影响越小.草洲出露面积随水位呈现规律性变化,1-7月,水位上升,草洲面积减少；7-12月,水位下降,草洲出露面积增加.1989-2011年,草洲出露面积持续增加,新增草洲主要由泥滩地转化而来；草洲扩张是各高程段草洲面积共同增加的结果,低位洲滩(黄海高程22～25 m)草洲面积的快速增加是湿地草洲扩张的主导部分.各高程水位变化是研究期间东洞庭湖草洲出露面积变化的主要原因.

Area changes of emergent herbaceous wetlands in relation to water level in East Dongting Lake,China in 1989-2011.

Based on multi temporal Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+ images, and by using decision tree method, this paper extracted the areas of emergent herbaceous wetlands with different water levels in 1989-2011 in the East Dongting Lake, China. The change characteristics and change trends of the emergent herbaceous wetlands areas were investigated based on the DEM data and the daily water level data from the Chenglingji Hydrological Station. The area of the emergent herbaceous wetlands was significantly affected by water level (R2=0.875, P<0.001), presenting a significant linear relationship between the two. Moreover, the emergent herbaceous wetlands area decreased with increasing water level. The higher the water level, the smaller the effects of the water level on the emergent area were. The emergent area changed regularly with water level. In January-July, water level increased, and the emergent area decreased; in July-December, it was opposite. In 1989-2011, the areas of emergent herbaceous wetlands had a continual increase. The newly emergent herbaceous wetlands area was mainly transformed from mudflat. The emergent herbaceous wetlands expansion was the co-effects of the increase of the emergent herbaceous wetlands areas at different elevations, and the rapid expansion of the emergent herbaceous wetlands in low bottomland (22-25 m of Yellow Sea elevation) played the most important role in the expansion. The change of water level at different elevations was the dominant cause for the changes of emergent herbaceous wetlands areas in the East Dongting Lake in the past 20 years.