耦合生态系统服务供需的生态安全格局构建——以苏南地区为例

生态系统服务供需平衡是保障生态安全的基础,将生态系统服务供需作用流动机制融入生态安全格局构建对保障区域生态安全和提升人类生态福祉具有重要意义。基于景观生态学原理,提出耦合生态系统服务供需的生态安全格局构建逻辑方法,以苏南地区为研究区构建了景观生态安全格局和社会生态安全格局。研究结果表明:(1)耦合生态系统服务供需的生态安全格局应以维系区域生态安全和保障区域人类生态福祉为构建目标。其中,生态安全以生态系统服务与生态风险为核心关注对象,人类生态福祉的实现依赖于人类主动获取与生态系统服务流;(2)苏南地区生态系统服务供需间存在错配格局,在此基础上分别识别生态源地与需求源地4247.46km²、1882.16km²,生态廊道与供需廊道1614.02km、1915.82km,生态夹点29处、生态障碍点23处、生态供需节点20处;(3)形成"三区四带两组团"的社会-景观生态安全格局优化布局方案,并在此基础上提出针对性保护修复策略,推动经济-生态空间协同发展。研究可为丰富区域生态安全格局构建理论和方法、推动国土空间优化与管控提供参考借鉴。

Construction of ecological security patterns coupling supply and demand of ecosystem services:a case study of Southern Jiangsu Province

The balance between supply and demand of ecosystem services is the basis for guaranteeing ecological security. Integrating the mechanism of ecosystem service supply and demand into the construction of ecological security pattern is of great significance for guaranteeing regional ecological security and enhancing human ecological well-being. Based on the principles of landscape ecology, this study first clarifies the flow mechanism of ecosystem service supply and demand roles in social-ecological systems, and then proposes the goal of constructing an ecological security pattern of coupled ecosystem service supply and demand. Further, this study also identifies methods for constructing ecological security patterns that couple the supply and demand of ecosystem services. In addition, this study constructs a landscape ecological security pattern and a social ecological security pattern using the Southern Jiangsu Province region as the study area to empirically validate the proposed logic and methodology. The results show that: 1) the process of ecosystem service provisioning from generation to transmission to consumption into human ecological well-being constitutes a complete flow mechanism of ecosystem service supply and demand roles. The ecological security focuses on ecosystem services and ecological risks, while human ecological well-being is dependent on active human access and ecosystem service flow. Therefore, the ecological security pattern that couples the supply and demand of ecosystem services should be constructed with the goal of maintaining regional ecological security and safeguarding regional human ecological well-being; 2) The supply and demand of ecosystem services in southern Jiangsu Province presents a mismatch pattern of "high in the south and low in the north" and "high in the north and low in the south". On the basis of which 4247.46 km² of ecological sources, 1882.16 km² of demand sources, 1614.02 km of ecological corridors, 1915.82 km of supply-demand corridors, 29 ecological pinch points, 23 ecological barrier points, and 20 ecological nodes of supply-demand are identified; 3) Taking the source areas as the functional core, the corridors as the connecting carrier, and the nodes as the key hub, this study proposes an optimized layout of the social-landscape ecological security pattern of "three zones, four belts and two clusters", and on this basis puts forward a number of targeted protection and restoration strategies, in the hope of achieving the goal of promoting the synergistic development of economic and ecological space. The study can enrich the theories and methods of constructing regional ecological security patterns, and provide scientific references and lessons for promoting the optimization and control of territorial space.