基于尺度嵌套与复合功能视角的高强度城市化地区生态网络体系研究——以江阴市为例

城市化进程带来经济社会快速发展的同时,也造成资源环境耗损和生态系统退化,对区域生态系统长久稳定产生威胁,针对性构建区域生态网络对缓解城市化的负面生态影响,提升区域生态安全水平具有重要意义。通过解析不同情形生态网络构建目标,以及高强度城市化地区生态需求和生态网络构建要点,基于尺度嵌套与复合功能视角,以江苏省江阴市为例,与环太湖地区和无锡市形成尺度嵌套生态网络,统筹考虑热岛效应、雨洪调节及景观游憩服务供给构建复合功能生态网络,形成高强度城市化地区生态网络体系。研究结果表明：（1）在尺度嵌套生态网络方面,江阴市核心生态源地共4个,保育生态源地共26个,两类生态源地总面积占比4.76%,大多分布于江阴市北部和中部;完全位于江阴市范围内的基础生态廊道共39条,通过与江阴市外部生态源地形成内外联结的无锡-江阴生态廊道共11条,环太湖-江阴生态廊道共3条,生态廊道总体分布均匀;（2）在复合功能生态网络方面,江阴市共有11个复合功能生态源地,总面积4755.31hm²,占市域面积的4.78%,主要分布于北部长江沿线以及中部的定山、花山;兼具复合功能的功能型生态战略点共88个;所提取的三类单一生态功能网络要素包括,热缓解生态源地31个,热缓解生态廊道51条,雨洪调节生态源地26个,雨洪调节生态廊道52条,游憩资源点56个,景观游憩廊道85条;（3）依托由尺度嵌套生态网络和复合功能生态网络构成的生态网络体系,建议江阴市采取包含保护建设、管控维护以及联动修复等多方面的生态保护修复措施。研究工作为高强度城市化地区进行差异化生态网络构建提供了思路,可为相关地区开展国土空间生态修复工作借鉴参考。

Ecological network system of highly urbanized area based on scale nesting and composite function: A case study of Jiangyin City

The process of urbanization not only brings rapid economic and social development, but also causes resource and environment loss and ecosystem degradation, threatening the long-term stability of the regional ecosystem. Therefore, it is of great significance to construct regional ecological network to alleviate the negative ecological impact of urbanization and improve the level of regional ecological security. This study analyzes the goal of ecological network construction under the guidance of differentiation and the key points of ecological demand and ecological network construction in high-intensity urbanization areas. This study was based on the perspective of scale nesting and composite function, and Jiangyin City of Jiangsu Province was selected as the research area. On the one hand, it formed scale nesting ecological network with Taihu Lake area and Wuxi City; on the other hand, it took overall consideration of heat island effect, rain-flood regulation and landscape recreation service supply to construct compound functional ecological network and formed ecological network system of high-intensity urbanization area. The results showed that:(1) In terms of scale-nested ecological network, there were 4 core ecological sources and 26 conservation ecological sources in Jiangyin, and the total area of the two types of ecological sources accounted for 4.76%, mostly distributed in the north and middle of Jiangyin. There were 39 basic ecological corridors completely located within the scope of Jiangyin City, 11 Wuxi-Jiangyin ecological corridors and 3 "Jiangyin-around Taihu Lake" ecological corridors connecting with the external ecological sources of Jiangyin City, with uniform distribution on the whole. (2) In the aspect of complex function ecological network, Jiangyin had 11 complex function ecological sources, with a total area of 4755.31hm², accounting for 4.78% of the city area. They were mainly distributed along the Yangtze River in the north and Dingshan and Huashan in the middle. There were 88 functional ecological strategic points with multiple functions. Three types of single ecological function network elements were extracted, including 31 ecological sources for heat mitigation, 51 ecological corridors for heat mitigation, 26 ecological sources for rain-flood regulation, 52 ecological corridors for rain-flood regulation, 56 recreational resource points, and 85 landscape recreational corridors. (3) Based on the ecological network system composed of scale nested ecological network and composite functional ecological network, suggestions on ecological protection and restoration measures were put forward. The research provides ideas for the construction of ecological network in high-intensity urbanization areas, and can be used as reference for the restoration of territorial and spatial ecology in relevant areas.