灌丛资源及其管理利用研究进展

灌丛是中国山地和干旱地区的常见植被类型，分布范围广泛、生态功能多样、经济价值可观。然而，自然资源、生态环境、国民经济等相关部门多将灌丛拆分归属于森林或草原，其重要性未能充分体现。学术界有关灌丛资源的概念、内涵未有明确统一共识，基于资源属性特点的灌丛资源分区分类体系尚未建立。草原灌丛化的发生范围、速度及其生态影响不够明确，严重影响灌丛资源的高效保护、科学管理与可持续利用。这已然成为亟需凝聚共识和深入探究的理论技术难点与实践问题。建议在科学界定灌丛资源的概念内涵、建立健全灌丛资源分类体系基础上，深入发展和应用灌丛植被多基遥感和人工智能识别技术，科学掌握不同区域灌丛变化特别是草原灌丛化的过程及原因，全面系统地评估灌丛化的生态经济影响，优化分区分类灌丛管理利用策略，促进灌丛资源可持续管理和利用。

Research progress of shrub resources and their management and utilization

As a common vegetation in mountainous and arid regions of China, shrublands are adapted to a wide range of ecological conditions and have important and diverse ecological functions. The shrub resources formed and maintained by shrublands provide considerable economic and ecological value for the human society. Shrubs cover an area of approximately 90.6 million hm² in China, accounting for 9.4% of the country''s total land area. The shrub resources are important not only for their ecological value, but also as economic plants, as feed and for scenic and recreational use. This paper discusses and analyzes the various values. However, different authorities in charge of natural resources, ecology and environment, and national economy classify shrublands as forests or grasslands, which fails to highlight their importance. In this paper, the CiteSpace software was used to analyze the 1997 papers published in CNKI Peking University Core from 2007 to 2023, to sort out the studies conducted in the field of shrub resources, and analyze the context and concern trend in the field. A clear consensus on the concept and connotation of shrub resources has not been reached in the scientific community. On the basis of differentiating the related concepts of shrub resources, this paper compared and analyzed the definition and connotation of shrub resources in contrast to similar forest resources and grassland resources. A clearer boundary and definition of scrub resources were discussed and proposed. The zoning and classification system based on the shrub resource attributes has not been established. The scope, speed, and ecological impact of rapid turning of grasslands into shrublands have not been clearly understood. Therefore, it severely hampers the efficient protection, scientific management, and sustainable utilization of the shrub resources. Questions about shrub resources have become a theoretical and technological issue, as well as a challenge in practice, which should be addressed with consensus and in-depth studies. In the future, it is necessary to clearly define the concept and connotation of shrub resources and establish a classification system. It is also expected to understand the changes of shrublands in different regions, especially the process and the drivers of shrub encroachment which have been witnessed in grasslands, based on the development of multi-base remote sensing and artificial intelligence identification of the shrub vegetation. The purpose is to evaluate comprehensively and systematically the ecological impact and the gains and losses of shrub encroachment, so as to put forward strategies to optimize the management and utilization of shrublands by zoning and classification, and to promote the sustainable protection, management and utilization of shrub resources.