基于风险-质量的高原湖泊流域生态分区构建——以滇池流域为例

随着人类足迹不断延伸,高原湖泊流域人地系统三生空间冲突显著。以滇池流域为例,顾及流域三生空间冲突风险,基于三生空间景观格局和生态环境质量的变化,尝试引入四象限模型,结合热点分析,划分风险-质量综合生态环境分区。结果表明:(1)滇池流域三生空间冲突风险类型以较强为主,冲突曲线指数呈现倒"U"型,较强冲突比重不断下降。三生空间类型转换明显,生活空间共增长了312.23km²,主要是由于高原湖泊流域的快速城镇化使得生活空间大量挤占了生产和生态空间。(2)滇池流域生态环境质量总体呈现下降趋势,空间上以滇池为中心呈现高-低-高的分布特征。较高质量和高质量区面积减少了136.66km²;低质量区和较低质量区由699.65km²上升到930.51km²,约占流域总面积的1/3。(3)基于三生空间冲突风险和生态环境质量两个维度将生态分区分为综合生态环境优质、良好、一般、劣质四类,四类区的空间分布连续性相对较好,尤以劣质区面积连续扩展的态势最为典型。针对不同生态分区提出差异化管理措施,为流域人地协调发展提供实践指导。

Construction of ecological zoning of plateau lake basin based on spatial conflict and eco-environmental quality: A case of Dianchi Lake Basin

The continuous increase in the human footprint has caused a significantly spatial conflict among human-land systems in plateau lake basins. Taking the Dianchi Lake Basin as an example, considering the risk of spatial conflict among the production-life-ecological space in the basin, and based on changes in land-use landscape patterns and eco-environmental quality, this study introduced a four-quadrant model and performed a hotspot analysis for risk-quality-integrated eco-environmental zoning. The results showed that: (1) The three-life spatial conflict risk types in the Dianchi Lake Basin were generally strong, the conflict curve index showed an inverted "U" shape, and the proportion of strong conflict types has decreased. The three-life space type has changed significantly, and the area of living spaces has increased by 312.23 km², mainly due to rapid urbanization within the plateau lake basin, which has transformed numerous production and ecological spaces into living spaces. (2) The overall eco-environmental quality in the Dianchi Lake Basin showed a downward trend. Spatially, with Dianchi Lake as the center, it showed a high-low-high distribution. The higher-quality and high-quality areas decreased by 136.66 km²; the lower-quality and low-quality areas increased from 699.65 km² to 930.51 km², accounting for approximately one third of the total area of the basin. (3) The four area categories used for the comprehensive risk-quality eco-environmental zoning were high-quality, good, general and bad areas. The spatial distribution continuity of the four category areas was relatively good, and continuous expansion of bad areas was the most typical. Identifying comprehensive risk-quality eco-environmental zones in combination with the three-life spatial conflict risk can further enrich the theoretical framework and methods used in eco-environmental research, serve as a reference for future studies, and provide practical guidance for the coordinated development of human-land systems in the river basin.