重大公共卫生安全事件下城市居民对绿地类型及生态系统服务的需求时空演变特征

全球范围内频发的重大公共卫生安全事件可以改变城市居民的生活方式,并对居民福祉造成损害。为了探究居民对城市绿地类型及其生态系统服务的需求变化,以期使城市居民在重大公共卫生事件发生时更好地从城市绿地中获益,主要运用问卷调查数据,使用Kruskal-Wallis检验、聚类分析和空间自相关分析等方法对新冠疫情(COVID-19)发生的前、中、后三个时期城市居民对城市绿地类型及其生态系统服务需求偏好的时空演变特征进行了分析。结果显示:①随着时间演变,居民对同时期内同种类型的城市绿地以及生态系统服务的需求差异变小。在前期和中期,居民需求最强烈的绿地类型分别是附属绿地、公园绿地;需求最不强烈的绿地类型都是区域绿地。在前期,居民对生态系统服务的需求普遍较为强烈,前期和中期居民需求最强烈的生态系统服务分别是美化城市和放松身心两种类型。在后期,居民需求最强烈和最小的城市绿地类型分别是附属绿地和公园绿地。②居民对于城市绿地类型的需求在这三个时期的空间演变程度要大于对生态系统服务需求的空间演变程度。③居民对于城市绿地及其生态系统服务需求的空间异质性较强,大多呈随机分布格局,只有对后期的四种绿地类型的需求呈聚集分布,主要分布在京津冀地区、内蒙古、山西省、山东省。研究结果旨在为未来重大公共卫生事件影响下城市绿地规划和生态系统服务的可持续利用提供科学支撑,以期更好地保障城市居民生活福祉。

Spatial and temporal evolution of urban residents'' demand for green space types and ecosystem services under major public health safety events

Major public health and safety events that occur on a global scale have the potential to drastically alter the lifestyle of individuals residing in urban areas. These events can introduce changes that may negatively impact their overall well-being. In order to study the changes in residents'' demand for urban green space (UGS) types and their ecosystem services (ES), with the aim of enabling urban residents to benefit more from UGS when major public health events occur, this paper used questionnaire survey data, statistical analysis methods such as Kruskal-Wallis test, cluster analysis, spatial autocorrelation analysis to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of urban residents'' demand for UGS types and their ES during the early, middle, and late periods of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed that: ① As the progression of time unfolded, there was a noticeable decrease in the disparity of residents'' demand for the same category of UGS and ES within identical time frames. During the early and middle phases of the epidemic, the types of UGS that residents most strongly desired were those of attached green spaces and park green spaces. Conversely, the types of UGS that garnered the least amount of demand were regional green spaces. In the early phase of the epidemic, there was a generally robust demand from residents for ES. The ES that were most demanded during the early and middle stages were those that contributed to the beautification of the city and provided a means for relaxation of the body and mind. In the late period, the types of UGS with the strongest demand and the smallest demand are attached green space and park green space respectively. ② The degree of spatial evolution pertaining to residents'' demand for various types of UGS was observed to be greater than that of the demand for ES across all three periods under consideration. ③ There was a pronounced spatial heterogeneity in the demand from residents for UGS and their corresponding ES. The majority of these demands were distributed randomly. However, in the late period, the demand for four specific types of UGS exhibited a pattern of agglomeration. These demands were primarily concentrated in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, and Shandong Province. The outcomes of this study have the potential to offer substantial scientific backing for the strategic planning and sustainable utilization of UGS and ES. This is particularly relevant in the context of future significant public health incidents. The ultimate objective of these efforts is to enhance the protection and promotion of the well-being and quality of life of urban residents.