高寒生态脆弱区农牧民生活垃圾集中处理激励机制与政策模拟——以藏北牧区为例

高寒生态脆弱区环境本底敏感而脆弱,生活垃圾不当处理极易加剧生态系统退化风险,揭示区内农牧民生活垃圾集中处理的多主体互动机制及政策激励效果对落实生活垃圾治理、降低生态风险和提升人居品质具有重要意义。基于藏北牧区的案例,考虑高寒生态脆弱区的气候高寒、牧民定居点分散等现实约束,构建村镇基层政府和农牧民的演化博弈模型,探究区内农牧民生活垃圾处理的激励机制。结果显示:①农牧民参与是提高高寒生态脆弱区生活垃圾集中处理效率的关键,村镇基层政府的奖惩措施能够显著激励农牧民参与生活垃圾集中处理,奖惩机制中惩罚的约束作用更为显著。②村镇基层政府的宣传和设施建设措施能够显著促进农牧民参与生活垃圾集中处理,设施配置对农牧民参与行为影响的敏感度明显大于宣传教育,完善设施建设是促进生活垃圾集中处理的关键措施。③优化高寒生态脆弱区农牧民生活垃圾集中处理制度的政策导向:立足高寒生态脆弱区气候高寒、牧民定居点分散及产污特性,优化生活垃圾集中处理设施的规划建设和运行管理、加强村镇基层政府参与治理的检查评估和行政管理、完善农牧民参与治理的激励约束机制。

Incentives and simulation for centralized treatment of domestic waste in the alpine ecologically fragile area: a case study of north Xizang

The environment in the alpine and fragile ecological zone is sensitive and vulnerable, and improper disposal of domestic waste can easily aggravate the risk of ecosystem degradation. It is of great significance to reveal the multi-agent interaction mechanism and policy incentive effect of centralized domestic waste disposal among farmers and herdsmen in the zone for implementing domestic waste management, reducing ecological risk and improving living quality. Based on the case of the northern Xizang pastoral area, this paper, taking into account the realistic constraints of the alpine and fragile agricultural and pastoral areas, such as the cold climate, the scattered settlement of farmers and herdsmen, and the weak local fiscal strength, comprehensively considers the incentive measures of the village and town grassroots governments and the cost-benefit of farmers and herdsmen, and constructs a two-party evolutionary game model of the village and town grassroots governments and farmers and herdsmen participating in it, and examines the incentive effect of different policy measures and the interaction game mechanism of stakeholders through numerical simulation. The results show that: ①The participation of farmers and herdsmen is the key to improve the efficiency of centralized domestic waste disposal in the alpine and fragile ecological zone. The reward and punishment measures of the village and town grassroots governments can significantly motivate farmers and herdsmen to participate in centralized domestic waste disposal, and the constraint effect of punishment is more significant. ② The propaganda and facility construction measures of the village and town grassroots governments can significantly promote farmers and herdsmen to participate in centralized domestic waste disposal. The sensitivity of facility configuration to farmers and herdsmen''s participation behavior is significantly higher than that of propaganda and education. Improving facility construction is the key measure to promote centralized domestic waste disposal. ③ In the future, it is necessary to optimize the centralized domestic waste disposal system for farmers and herdsmen in the alpine and fragile ecological zone, based on the cold climate, the scattered settlement of herdsmen and the pollution characteristics of the alpine and fragile ecological zone, optimize the planning, construction and operation management of centralized domestic waste disposal facilities, strengthen the inspection, evaluation and administrative management of village and town grassroots governments'' participation in governance, and improve the incentive and constraint mechanism of farmers and herdsmen''s participation in governance. This paper relatively systematically reveals the collaborative mechanism of centralized domestic waste disposal in villages and towns, which also has reference significance for the research and policy formulation of environmental governance problems in other regions.