临海东矶海域人工鱼礁大型底栖动物群落的早期发育

为养护渔业资源和修复受损海岸带生态系统,人工鱼礁通常被投放至沿岸海域的海底,为海洋生物提供新的栖息地。于2022年5月(投放后10个月)和10月(投放后15个月)调查了临海东矶人工鱼礁大型底栖动物群落,分析了不同礁龄间大型底栖动物种类组成、密度、生物量和群落结构的差异。两次调查共记录到5类17种大型底栖动物,优势种为猫爪牡蛎Talonostrea talonata和侧花海葵Anthopleura sp.。礁体投放10个月后大型底栖动物群落的平均密度和平均生物量分别为(3519±289)个/m²和(3657±273)g/m²,15个月后平均密度和平均生物量分别为(10056±1858)个/m²和(8300±2045)g/m²,15个月的密度和生物量均显著高于10个月的(P>0.05)。不同礁龄间大型底栖动物群落结构具有显著性差异(Globe R=0.573, P=0.029),导致群落结构差异的物种主要是曲膝薮枝螅Obelia genicutata、侧花海葵、褐蚶Didimarca tenebricum、丽核螺Tritonoharpa leali、双纹须蚶Barbatia bistrigata和疣荔枝螺Thais clavigera。礁体投放10个月后和15个月后人工鱼礁附着猫爪牡蛎的平均密度分别为(2075±37)个/m²和(2194±397)个/m²,不同礁龄间没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。发现临海东矶人工鱼礁表面分布有低物种丰度和高密度的大型底栖动物群落,并发育成为以猫爪牡蛎为造礁种的人工牡蛎礁。

Early development of epibenthic macrofauna communities on the Dongji artificial reefs, Linhai, Zhejiang Province

As efforts to recover fishery resources and restore the damaged coastal ecosystems, artificial reefs (ARs) were often anchored on the seafloor in coastal zones to provide new habitats for marine organisms. The aim of this study was to describe the species compositions, densities, biomass, and structure of epibenthic macrofauna communities on the Dongji artificial reefs, Linhai, Zhejiang province. Seventeen species of epibenthic macrofauna belonged to five taxa were recorded from the Dongji ARs in May (10 months post-deployment) and October (15 months post-deployment), 2022. The oyster Talonostrea talonata and the anemone Anthopleura sp. dominated the epibenthic macrofauna communities on the ARs. Among the seventeen species of epibenthic macrofauna recorded in this study, twelve were lithofacies species, while the other 5 species (such as Marphysa sanguinea, Perinereis nuntia, Tritonoharpa leali, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus,and Ophiura kinbergi) also preferred to inhabit natural rock reefs and oyster reefs. The study showed that Dongji ARs enriched the local soft-bottom biological community and improved habitat heterogeneity and biodiversity. The average densities and biomass ((10056±1858) ind./m² and (8300±2045) g/m²) of the epibenthic macrofauna communities were significantly greater in 15 months than in 10 months ((3519±289) ind./m² and (3657±273) g/m²). The similarity analysis suggested that the epibenthic macrofauna communitis on the ARs varied significantly with the submersion time (10 months vs 15 months) (Globe R=0.573, P=0.029), which resulted from Obelia genicutata, Anthopleura sp., Didimarca tenebricum, Tritonoharpa leali, Barbatia bistrigata, and Thais clavigera. The study concluded that the Dongji ARs supported the low species diversity and high densities of epibenthic macrofauna communities, and developed as the artificial oyster reefs through the reef-building oyster Talonostrea talonata.