生态系统服务权衡强度与生态恢复优先区的空间差异——以怒江流域施甸县为例

粮食生产服务与土壤保持服务的供给矛盾是制约怒江流域可持续发展的一大阻碍。以流域中心的施甸县为例,使用均方根偏差(Root Mean Square Error, RMSE)方法评估了2000-2020年粮食生产和土壤保持服务权衡强度的空间特征变化。然后将2020年作为基准年,以坡耕地生态恢复作为决策变量,使用多目标线性规划提取了高生态恢复优先的区域,进而识别了权衡强度与恢复潜力的空间分布异同。研究结果表明,(1)两项生态系统服务权衡的空间分异明显,研究期间权衡强度呈增加趋势,RMSE平均值由2000年的0.466增加至2020年的0.499;高权衡强度区域主要集中在研究区的低海拔坝区,而低权衡强度区域分布零散,且高/低权衡强度区域在空间上都表现出聚集的特征。(2)根据线性规划绘制的效率前沿曲线,在土壤保持服务收益达到13.35×10⁶t hm^-2 a^-1时需要转出3388.51hm²坡耕地,同时粮食生产服务损失达9.59×10⁶kg,而继续提升会显著增加成本。(3)各权衡强度等级坡耕地的生态恢复潜力为:中权衡>低权衡>高权衡,其中权衡强度在0.4-0.5区间的坡耕地最适宜进行生态恢复。这一研究结果可以为山地区域坡耕地利用模式提供参考,推进可持续发展目标的实现。

Spatial difference between ecosystem service tradeoff intensity and priority areas for ecological restoration: a case study of Shidian County, Nu River Basin

The inherent contradiction between grain production service and soil conservation service poses a substantial impediment to the sustainable development of the Nu River Basin. Grain production service has a direct impact on the livelihoods of local farmers, serving as the primary source of income for farming households. Meanwhie, soil conservation, as a vital regulatory service, plays a crucial role in preventing regional land degradation. However, there is currently a scarcity of case studies investigating the relationship between grain production service and soil conservation service in the Nu River Basin. Taking Shidian County at the center of the basin as an example, this study used the Mean Square Error (RMSE) method to assess the spatial characteristics of the trade-off intensity between grain production and soil conservation services from 2000 to 2020. Taking the year 2020 as a pivotal baseline and slope farmland ecological restoration as the decision variable, a sophisticated multi-objective linear programming approach was subsequently applied to identify priority restoration areas. This comprehensive analysis revealed the spatial variations of trade-off intensity and ecological restoration potential. The results showed that: 1) There were significant spatial differentiation in the trade-off of ecosystem services, with an increasing trend of trade-off intensity over the study period. The average RMSE exhibited an increase from 0.466 to 0.499 during 2000-2020, signaling the imperative for strategic interventions. High trade-off intensity areas were mainly concentrated in the low-altitude regions, while low trade-off intensity areas were scattered. Both high and low trade-off intensity areas exhibited clustering features in spatial distribution. 2) Moreover, according to the efficiency frontier curve derived from linear programming, to achieve soil conservation service benefit of 13.35×10⁶ t hm^-2 a^-1, 3388.51 hm² of slope farmland needed to be converted. This conversion, however, resulted in the loss of 9.59×10⁶ kg grain production services. Further improvement in soil conservation service would incur significantly higher costs, highlighting the delicate balance required for effective land management. 3) The ecological restoration potential of slope farmland varied among trade-off intensity levels, with medium trade-off intensity > low trade-off intensity > high trade-off intensity. Specifically, slope farmland with trade-off intensity range of 0.4-0.5 emerged as the most suitable for ecological restoration efforts. For slope farmland with other trade-off intensity levels, it is advisable to implement soil conservation measures to regulate. These research findings offer valuable insights into the utilization of slope farmland in mountainous regions, providing scientific guidance for sustainable land management practices, thereby contributing to the achievement of sustainable development goals.