川西地区生态系统服务对可持续发展目标的影响

可持续发展目标(Sustainable Development Goals,SDGs)的实现往往会因为生态保护或人类福祉之间可能存在的权衡关系而受到阻碍。将生态系统服务(Ecosystem services,ESs)纳入到可持续发展目标的决策中能够避免各方利益的冲突,促进SDGs的实现。然而,在生态环境脆弱的山区,ESs对SDGs的贡献分析仍然不足。以川西地区为研究区,对2000-2020年11个可持续发展目标进行了量化,利用生态系统服务和权衡的综合评估(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs,InVEST)模型和定量指标法估算了碳固存、土壤保持和食物生产三种重要生态系统服务,并使用空间面板数据模型研究ESs对SDGs的影响及其空间溢出效应。结果表明:(1)可持续发展目标水平整体提升,但SDG1(无贫穷)和SDG3(良好健康和人类福祉)表现较差,分值低于5分。从空间上看,与环境相关的SDGs在川西北高原表现更好,与社会经济相关的SDGs在川西东部和川西南山地地区表现更好。(2)川西地区碳固存和食物生产服务呈现线性增长趋势,土壤保持服务呈现波动增长趋势,分别增长了0.23×10⁸ t、8.93×10⁵ t和1.23×10⁸ t。(3)与土壤保持和食物生产相比,碳固存对SDGs表现出更强烈的直接影响和空间溢出效应。其中县域碳固存对本县域和邻近县域的SDG11(可持续城市和社区)和SDG1具有显著的促进作用,对SDG2(零饥饿)呈现显著负向影响。研究结果可为区域联合管理提供科学依据,推动可持续发展目标的实现。

Effects of ecosystem services on sustainable development goals in western Sichuan

The implementation of sustainable development goals (SDGs) is frequently hampered by possible trade-offs between ecological protection and human well-being. Incorporating ecosystem services (ESs) into SDGs decision-making can avoid conflicting interests and facilitate the realization of the SDGs. However, the contribution of ESs to SDGs remains insufficiently analyzed in ecologically fragile mountainous areas. In this study, we quantified 11 SDGs from 2000 to 2020 in Western Sichuan. We estimated three critical ecosystem services, carbon sequestration (CS), soil retention (SR), and food production (FP), using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model and the quantitative indicator approach. Moreover, we explored the effects and spatial spillover of ESs on SDGs by spatial panel data model. The results showed that: (1) Overall, the Western Sichuan has improved its SDGs scores, but SDG1 (No Poverty) and SDG3 (Good Health and Well-being) have exhibited poor performance, scoring below 5. Spatially, the environment-related SDGs performed better in the Northwest Sichuan Plateau, and socio-economic-related SDGs performed better in the eastern and southwestern mountainous regions of Western Sichuan. (2) The CS and FP showed a linear growth trend, and SR showed a fluctuating growth trend which was 0.23×10⁸ t, 8.93×10⁵ t and 1.23×10⁸ t, respectively. (3) Compared with SR and FP, CS showed stronger direct and spillover effects on SDGs. Among them, the county''s CS significantly contributed to SDG11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) and SDG1 in this and neighboring counties, showing a significantly negative effect on SDG2 (Zero Hunger). The results of the study could provide the scientific basis for regional joint management to promote the realization of sustainable development goals.