国外韧性城市形态研究述评

面对突发的自然和人为灾害,城市表现出极大的脆弱性。韧性城市形态被认为是化解城市脆弱性的关键得到关注,梳理国外研究成果对应对我国快速城市化进程中的不确定灾害风险具有重要意义。以韧性城市形态为主题,从概念与特征、形态要素韧性表现、评估及韧性设计等方面追踪国外研究进展。研究结果表明:国外文献重点探讨了形态与自然灾害的关联;韧性城市形态的概念尚未达成一致意见;从宏观、中观、微观空间层次视角探讨城市形态要素韧性表现成果较多;形态要素韧性评估集中于道路网络要素的韧性表现;形态要素韧性设计关键在于空间异质性。基于分析结果可知,我国未来研究重点应集中在全方位构建韧性城市形态研究框架、丰富并拓展形态要素韧性评估方法与技术、重视形态要素空间异质性等方面。

Review of foreign studies on resilient urban form

Faced with suddenly natural and man-made disasters, cities exhibit great vulnerability. It has been widely discussed that the resilient urban form is the key to resolve urban vulnerability. Combing the foreign research is great significance to deal with the uncertain disaster risk in the rapid urbanization of China. Based on the theme of resilient urban form, the research progress in foreign countries is tracked from the aspects of concept and characteristics, resilience function and evaluation, and resilience design. The results shows that: The foreign literature focuses on the relationship between urban form and natural disasters, especially in heat wave and flood; Resilient urban form design is an important means to enhance urban resilient, Although no consensus has been reached on the concept of resilient urban form, but a preliminary consensus has been reached on its attribute characteristics, which are mainly reflected in connectivity, latency, modularity, adaptability;There are many ways to divide urban form elements, and hierarchical method can better reflect the nested attributes of form elements. In this way, the macro level is divided into urban and regional categories, the medium level is divided into neighborhood, block, plot, open space and street categories, and the micro level is divided into buildings and sites categories; The paper analyzes the resilience performance of form elements from the perspective of layout, type, scale and shape in macro, from the perspective of overall city scale, urban grade scale, development mode and functional agglomeration mode; from the perspective of neighborhood modularization, neighborhood density, land mix, plot scale, urban block scale, open space shape and scale, street network mode and design; from the perspective of micro, the paper analyzes the resilience performance of form elements from the perspective of layout, type, scale and shape; The evaluation index system of morphological elements toughness is usually constructed based on the standards of resilient cities. Especially,there are many results of using centrality and connectivity indexes to evaluate the resilience of road network form elements; The focus of resilient design for form elements lies in harmony with nature, diversity, redundancy, modularity, spatial heterogeneity, connectivity and so on. From the results, it can be seen that China''s future research should focus on constructing a comprehensive research framework for resilient urban form, enriching and expanding the resilience assessment methods and technologies of form elements, and paying attention to the spatial heterogeneity of form elements.