社区对普氏原羚的保护态度和意愿及其影响因素

普氏原羚(Procapra przewalskii)是我国的特有种,青海湖地区是其唯一的分布区,青海湖国家级自然保护区对普氏原羚的有效保护、社区发展与保护之间矛盾的协调,对于生物多样性保护具有重要意义。了解青海湖国家级自然保护区周边社区对普氏原羚的保护态度、意愿及其影响因素,可以为自然保护区开展生物多样性保护工作,维持当地生态和平发展提供保障。基于问卷调查法对自然保护区周边社区的牧民和居民进行了调查,研究表明:(1)受访者认为草场质量退化(n=92,65.25%)和草场围栏设置(n=80,56.74%)是威胁普氏原羚的主要因素;在以保护普氏原羚和给予生态补偿为前提下,牧民拆除围栏的意愿有所提高(由20.78%分别提高至34.21%和40.79%);(2)管理部门的宣教活动(79.43%)、手机(31.91%)和电视(28.37%)等媒体报道是受访者了解野生动物保护相关政策法规的主要渠道,可以增进受访者对政策法规的了解,积极影响受访者对普氏原羚的认知(P < 0.01)、保护态度(P < 0.01)和保护意愿(P < 0.01);(3)受访者一致认为自然保护区的严格管理与保护(牧民94.81%,居民96.87%)、当地牧民对普氏原羚的包容与保护(牧民97.40%,居民87.50%)是普氏原羚能够在自然保护区周边生存的主要原因;(4)受访者对普氏原羚的保护态度和意愿均较高,且愿意参与宣传教育(92.91%)和社区共管(87.94%)工作;(5)除了受访者的文化程度、年龄、宗教信仰和家庭年收入的影响,对政策法规的了解及拆除围栏认同度是影响受访者对普氏原羚保护态度和意愿的关键因素(P < 0.01)。因此,建议自然保护区以国家公园建设为契机,加强协调保护与发展的科学研究,深入开展宣传教育,增进社区对自然保护区生物多样性的认识,提升社区共管参与度。

Conservation attitudes, willingness, and influencing factors of community herders and residents towards Przewalski''s gazelle (Procapra przewalskii)

Przewalski''s gazelle (Procapra przewalskii) is the national first-class key protected wildlife and endemic species in China, which is listed as endangered species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). At present, the Qinghai Lake area is the only distribution area of Przewalski''s gazelle. In order to improve livestock productivity and reduce disputes among herders, fences have been set up in the grassland around Qinghai Lake. Fences affected the foraging, breeding and migration activities of Przewalski''s gazelle, reduced their habitat area, weakened their ability to escape from predators, or dying from hanging by the fences. Because Przewalski''s gazelle feeds in the same area as livestock and competes with livestock for grassland, it affects the motivation of local communities to protect them. Science popularization education can guide communities to develop correct perceptions of wildlife conservation, foster positive conservation attitudes, and promote conservation behaviors. In order to understand the conservation attitudes and willingness of local communities in Qinghai Lake Nature Reserve to Przewalski''s gazelle, and to explore the main factors influencing these attitudes and willingness, a questionnaire survey was used to the herders and residents in the communities around Qinghai Lake National Nature Reserve. The results showed that: (1) the respondents believed that grassland degradation (n=92, 65.25%) and grassland fencing (n=80, 56.74%) as the main factors threatening Przewalski''s gazelle. The willingness of herders to remove fencing increased (from 20.78% to 34.21% and 40.79%, respectively) under the premise of protecting Przewalski''s gazelle and giving ecological compensation. (2) The science popularization education of the management department (79.43%), media such as cell phones (31.91%) and TV (28.37%) were main channels for the respondents to understand the policies and regulations related to wildlife protection, which could improve respondents'' understanding of policies and regulations, and positively affect the respondents'' conservation cognition (P < 0.01), attitude (P < 0.01) and willingness (P < 0.01) to Przewalski''s gazelles. (3) Respondents all agreed that the strict management and protection of the nature reserve (94.81% of herders, 96.87% of residents) and the tolerance and protection of Przewalski''s gazelle by local herders (97.40% of herders, 87.50% of residents) were the main reasons why Przewalski''s gazelle could survive around the nature reserve. (4) Respondents had high attitudes and willingness to protect Przewalski''s gazelle, and were willing to participate in science popularization education (92.91%) and community co-management (87.94%). (5) In addition to the influence of respondents'' education level, age, and religious beliefs, knowledge of policies and regulations and removal of fences were the key factors affecting the respondents'' attitudes and willingness to protect Przewalski''s gazelle (P < 0.01). Therefore, it is suggested that the nature reserve takes the construction of the national park system in China as an opportunity to strengthen scientific research on coordinated conservation and development, carry out in-depth science popularization education, improve community awareness of the nature reserve''s biodiversity, and enhance community co-management.