一种灰茶尺蠖高效引诱剂的研制及其田间防效评价

为研制有效诱杀重要害虫灰茶尺蠖雌、雄成虫的性信息素/植物源信息物复合型性诱剂，选源自茶梢和茶花挥发物的30个主要成分，分别配成10^-6 g/mL、10^-4 g/mL和10^-2 g/mL液体石蜡溶液作味源，检测其引起1日龄灰茶尺蠖雌、雄成虫的EAG反应值。结果表明：①每种味源的3个剂量处理皆引起明显的EAG反应；随着味源浓度增加，EAG反应值显著增大；②引起的雌、雄成虫EAG反应值相近，差异不显著；③芳樟醇、反-2-己烯醛、顺-3-己烯-1-醇、己醇、苯乙醇和6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮的每个剂量处理引起强烈的EAG反应。将这6种EAG活性成分与灰茶尺蠖2个主要的性信息素成分Z， Z， Z-3， 6， 9-十八碳三烯和Z， Z-3， 9-6， 7-环氧-十八碳二烯配成数个备选的复合型性诱剂，载于羊毛毡细条上、塑封、制成诱芯，在茶园中检测其引诱活性，发现诱效最优的复合型性诱剂在每个诱芯上组成为：6种EAG活性成分各2 mg、Z， Z， Z-3， 6， 9-十八碳三烯0.4 mg、Z， Z-3， 9-6， 7-环氧-十八碳二烯0.6 mg、抗氧化剂——2， 6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚1 mg、正己烷100 μL。此外，使用土黄、荧光黄、米黄、素馨黄、桔黄、土褐、墨绿、芽绿、草绿、荧光绿、天蓝、大红和纯白等13种色板诱杀灰茶尺蠖成虫，发现其偏嗜暗黄色，以土黄色效果最佳。遂将该诱芯载于土黄色粘板上组成诱捕器，诱杀防治灰茶尺蠖主害代——第3代，试验程序：在第2代羽化始盛期用诱捕器诱杀成虫以减少交尾几率而压低第3代幼虫数，在第3代初龄幼虫期喷施2.5%联苯菊酯、茶尺蠖核型多角体病毒 · 苏云金杆菌悬浮剂（1×10⁴ PIB · 2000 IU/μL），接着定期调查三者的防治效果，结果表明复合型性诱剂的防效显著优于后两者。该研究为灰茶尺蠖的绿色防控提供了可敷应用的技术产品。

Development of an efficient attractant of Ectropis grisescens (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) and evaluation on its control effect in tea plantations

In order to develop a sex pheromone/plant-derived volatile complex sexual attractant for efficaciously trapping Ectropis grisescens female and male adults, thirty major volatile compounds from tea shoots and tea flowers were chosen and prepared as odor sources at the dosages of 10^-6 g/mL, 10^-4 g/mL, and 10^-2 g/mL in liquid paraffin. Each dosage treatment was applied for electroantennogram (EAG) determination on 1 day-old male and female adults of E. grisescens. EAG responses showed that: ① Every dosage could elicit obvious EAG responses, and EAG value significantly increased with the rise of the dosage; ② The female and male adults showed similiar EAG response values. ③ Each dosage treatment of linalool, trans-2-hexenal, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, hexanol, phenethyl alcohol, and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one caused intense EAG responses. The six EAG-active components blended with two main sex pheromones, Z, Z, Z-3, 6, 9-octadecatriene, and Z, Z-3, 9-6, 7-epoxy-octadecadiene, to make up the various candidates of the complex sexual attractant. Every candidate was uploaded onto a little strip of wool felt, which was sealed by PVC film to compose a trap for field trials. After a series of trials, a candidate, i. e. complex seaxual attractant, gave the optimal control effect. Its composition on one lure was that 2 g of each of the six EAG-active compounds was blended with 0.4 mg Z, Z, Z-3, 6, 9-octadecatriene, 0.6 mg Z, Z-3, 9-6, 7-epoxy-octadecadiene, 1 mg butylated hydroxytoluene, and 100 μL hexane. In addition,the attracting effect of thirteen colored types of sticky boards, including earth yellow, fluorescent yellow, beige yellow, jasmine yellow, orange, clay brown, dark green, bud green, grass green, fluorescent green, sky blue, bright red and pure white, on the geometrid adults was tested in tea plantations, and the adults preferred dark yellow to other colors with the earth yellow appeared optimum. One lure attached on one earth yellow sticky board to form one complex sexual attractant trap. The most serious damaging generation of the geometrid was the 3rd generation. During the 2nd generation eclosion peak beginning stage, the traps were applied for mass trapping its adults, so as to reduce mating opportunity and lower the individual number of the third generation larvae. Both 2.5% bifenthrin, and Ectropis obliqua nucleopolyhedrovirus (Ecob NPV) · Bacillus thuringiensis preparations (containing both 1×10⁴ PIB/μL Ecob NPV and 2000 IU/μL Bacillus thuringiensis) were respectively spayed on the larvae of the 3rd generation. In turn, the control effect of each of three treatments was investigated at an interval, and that of complex sexual attractant exceled the latter two. The present study provide the applicable technology and product for green control on the geometrid.