三峡库区山区乡村功能多元化与坡耕地演变的耦合关系

探究快速城市化、工业化背景下,山区乡村功能多元化与坡耕地演变的耦合关系,对山区耕地保护和乡村可持续发展具有重要意义。从人地关系视角,构建了山区乡村功能多元化与坡耕地演变耦合关系测度模型,并以三峡库区奉节县为例,采用乡村功能评价、耦合协调度模型等方法,揭示其耦合关系及其驱动机制。结果表明:(1)奉节县各乡村功能均呈现发展的趋势,其中社会保障功能的发展最为明显,乡村功能综合指数呈现南北部增加、中部减少的特征,且南部增加幅度大于北部;(2)奉节县坡耕地占比呈现下降趋势,缓坡耕地减少最少,急陡坡耕地减少最多,呈现南部减少幅度小、北部减少幅度大的特征;(3)乡村功能多元化与缓坡耕地演变的耦合协调度呈下降的趋势,与陡坡耕地和急陡坡耕地的耦合协调度呈先降后升的趋势,其耦合响应类型可以归纳为可持续型、转型型、一致型和衰退型4种类型;(4)乡村功能多元化与坡耕地演变耦合变化主要受到自然、社会经济、政策等要素驱动,今后应当从发展生态农业、推行环境治理等方面来提高乡村功能发展与坡耕地利用之间的协调性。研究方法和研究结果可为其他山区坡耕地资源的优化利用、生态保护以及乡村可持续发展提供借鉴价值。

The coupling relationship between functional diversification of mountain villages and evolution of sloping farmland in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

Exploring the coupling relationship between the functional diversified development of mountainous countryside and the evolution of sloping farmland in the background of rapid urbanization and industrialization is of great significance for farmland protection in mountainous areas and the sustainable development of the countryside. In this paper, from the perspective of the human-land relationship, we constructed a measurement model of the coupling relationship between the multi-functional development of rural villages in mountainous areas and the evolution of sloping farmland. Taking Fengjie County in Three Gorges Reservoir Area as an example, we used the methods of rural function evaluation and coupling coordinateness modeling to reveal the coupling relationship and its driving mechanism. The results showed that: (1) all rural functions in Fengjie County presented a trend of development, in which the development of social security function was the most obvious. The composite index of rural functions was characterized by an increase in the north and south and a decrease in the middle, and the increase in the south was greater than that in the north. (2) The proportion of sloping farmland in Fengjie County showed a decreasing trend during the study period, and the decrease from 2000 to 2010 was significantly more than that from 2010 to 2020, with the least decrease in gentle sloping farmland and the most decrease in sharp steep sloping farmland. At the same time, the decrease in the southern part of the county was small, and the decrease in the northern part of the county was large. (3) The coupling coordination value between the diversified development of rural functions and the evolution of gentle sloping farmland showed a decreasing trend, while the coupling coordination value with steep sloping farmland and sharp steep sloping farmland showed a firstly decreasing and then increasing trend. According to the increase and decrease of the composite index of rural functions and the proportion of sloping farmland, the coupling response types were summarized into four types: sustainable, transitional, consistent, and declining. (4) Changes in the coupled pattern of rural functional diversification and sloping farmland evolution were mainly driven by natural, socio-economic, and policy factors. In the future, we should develop ecological agriculture and implement environmental management to improve the coordination between rural function development and the utilization of sloping farmland. The research methodology and findings of this paper can provide a reference value for the optimal utilization of sloping farmland resources, ecological protection, and sustainable rural development in other mountainous areas.