基于土地利用变化的祁连山地区生态系统服务价值演化分析

祁连山生态环境保护是建设我国西部生态安全屏障的关键环节,而核算祁连山生态系统服务价值是制定合理有效的生态环境保护措施的有力依据。然而受气候变化和人类活动的共同影响,祁连山地区生态环境问题依旧突出,亟需对该地区生态系统服务价值开展研究以服务后期生态环境建设。基于此目的,使用1990-2020年祁连山地区土地利用数据,运用土地利用动态度、土地利用转移矩阵揭示该地区土地利用变化规律。并使用生态系统服务价值评估模型测算了祁连山地区生态系统服务价值,探究了其动态变化过程,并明确了各土地利用类型与生态系统服务价值变化之间的内在联系。结果表明:(1)1990-2020年,草地和荒漠是祁连山地区最主要的土地利用类型,单一土地利用动态度分别为水域 > 湿地 > 耕地 > 荒漠 > 草地 > 林地。草地和耕地以及草地和荒漠相互转化成为该地区最主要的土地利用变化特征;(2)祁连山地区生态系统服务价值呈持续增加趋势,由1990年的7231.36亿元增加至2020年的7836.07亿元,在空间上呈现出东高西低的变化趋势。生态系统服务价值构成主体主要为水域、草地和林地,单项生态系统服务价值以水文调节和气候调节为主,反映了调节服务是祁连山地区生态系统的主要功能;(3)水域、草地和湿地这3种土地利用类型是近30年祁连山地区生态系统服务价值变化的主要贡献因子。1990-2020年,祁连山地区生态系统服务价值对土地利用的敏感性总体呈增加态势(1.48%-7.91%),土地利用变化对该地区生态系统服务价值的影响逐步增强。系统揭示了过去30年祁连山地区生态系统服务价值的演变及其与土地利用变化的内在联系,重点阐释了水域、草地、林地和湿地对该地区生态系统服务价值和生态环境保护的重要性,可为祁连山地区生态产品价值实现及生态保护管理等提供基础科技支撑。

Evolution of ecosystem service values in Qilian Mountains based on land-use change from 1990 to 2020

The ecological environment protection of the Qilian Mountains is the key process in the construction of ecological safety barriers in West China. Calculation of ecosystem service values in the Qilian Mountains is the strong basis for formulating reasonable and effectively ecological environment protection measures. However, due to the joint impact of climate change and human activities, the ecological and environmental problems in the Qilian Mountain region are prominent, and it is urgent to carry out research on the ecosystem service values in this region to serve the later ecological and environmental construction. This study used the land-use data from 1990 to 2020 to reveal the variation trend of land-use change in the Qilian Mountain region by using the land-use dynamic attitude and land-use transfer matrix. Furthermore, the ecosystem service value in the Qilian Mountain area was estimated by using the ecosystem service value assessment model, and its dynamic change process was explored. Additionally, the internal relationship between each land-use type and the ecosystem service value changes was clarified. The results showed that: (1) From 1990 to 2020, grassland and desert were the most dominant land-use types in the Qilian Mountains, and the single land-use dynamic degree was water area > wetland > cultivated land > desert > grassland > forest land. The interconversions of grassland with cropland and desert were the main features of land-use change in the region. (2) The values of ecosystem services in the Qilian Mountains region showed a continuous growth trend on the time scale, from 723.136 billion yuan in 1990 to 783.607 billion yuan in 2020, with a spatial trend of high in the east and low in the west. The main components of ecosystem service values were water body area, grassland and forest land. The value of individual ecosystem services was dominated by hydrological regulation and climate regulation, reflecting the fact that regulation services were the main ecosystem functions in the Qilian Mountains. (3) Water area, grassland and wetland were the main factors contributing to the change of ecosystem service value in the past 30 years. From 1990 to 2020, the sensitivity of ecosystem service value to land-use showed an overall increasing trend (1.48%-7.91%), and the impact of land-use change on ecosystem service value gradually increased. The study systematically revealed the evolution of ecosystem service value and its internal relationship with land-use change in the Qilian Mountain region in the past 30 years and highlighted the importance of water, grassland, forest land and wetland to ecosystem service value and ecological environmental protection in the region. It can provide basic scientific and technological support for ecological product value implementation and ecological protection management in the Qilian Mountain region.