草地贪夜蛾的性信息素通讯研究进展

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda原产于美洲，具有长距离迁飞特性。该虫于1988年入侵欧洲，2016年入侵非洲，并引起巨大的粮食损失，2018年入侵亚洲，2019年从缅甸传入中国，并在短时间扩散至全国10多个省。草地贪夜蛾依赖性信息素通讯，实现雌雄间识别、交配和繁衍，为了深入研究草地贪夜蛾的性信息素通讯及其机制并开发更高效的预测预报和防治技术，本文综述了草地贪夜蛾性信息素通讯的研究现状。1967年首次报道草地贪夜蛾性信息素为顺9-十四乙酸酯，随后发现有不同的鉴定结果，1986年确认其性信息素由顺9-十四乙酸酯和顺7-十二乙酸酯两个组分组成，其比例为96.6∶3.4时表现出最强的引诱活性。除此而外，对不同地理种群的研究发现，草地贪夜蛾雌蛾的信息素腺体提取物还存在顺9-十二乙酸酯、顺11-十六乙酸酯和反7-十二乙酸酯，田间实验表明这些物质在性信息素通讯中也可发挥作用。根据分子标记和喜食寄主，草地贪夜蛾可分为玉米品系和水稻品系。两个品系在外部形态上无法区分，性信息素组分也相同，但在组分比例上存在一定的差异。两个品系间存在一定程度的生殖隔离，但室内可以正交和反交并产生可育的F1代，F1代的性信息素比例与母本的比较相似。关于草地贪夜蛾雄性对性信息素的感受机制方面研究较少，仅见有感器形态的鉴定和对性信息素组分的触角电位反应研究的报道。根据目前草地贪夜蛾在我国的发生情况及其性信息素通讯机制的研究现状，我们建议尽快开展以下研究：(1)鉴定草地贪夜蛾我国入侵种群的雌性性信息素，尽快用于其种群动态监测及防治；(2)研究草地贪夜蛾雄性对性信息素的嗅觉编码机制；(3)研究草地贪夜蛾两个品系的行为隔离程度及其演化结局。

Progress in sex pheromone communication of the fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, was originally distributed in America and is able to migrate over a long distance. It spread to Europe in 1988 and Africa in 2016, and caused huge loss to grains. It first invaded Asia in 2018, and then invaded China from Myanmar in 2019 and has been rapidly distributed in a dozen provinces in China. According to its specific hosts and molecular markers, FAW can be classified into two host-specific strains, the corn strain and the rice strain. (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol acetate was identified as a sex pheromone component of FAW in 1967 for the first time. Up to 1986, the blend of (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol acetate and (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol acetate at a ratio of 96.6∶3.4 showed the strongest attractiveness to FAW, and was used to monitor the population dynamics of FAW broadly. In addition, (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol acetate, (Z)-9-dodecen-l-ol acetate and (E)-7-dodecenyl acetate in the pheromone gland extracts of female adults of FAW were reported to contribute to attracting males in different geographic regions. Both the strains are morphologically indistinguishable and share the same gland extract components, but have strain-specific ratios of pheromone components. The two strains can be hybridized in the laboratory, and the pheromone component ratio of F1 generation females is similar to that of the maternal parents. The periphery coding mechanisms to sex pheromone in FAW males are still unclear. In consideration of the occurrence of FAW in China and the progress in its sex pheromone communication, the following aspects of FAW are suggested to be investigated urgently: (1) identifying the sex pheromone of the invaded populations of FAW and using the sex pheromone for its population monitoring and control as soon as possible; (2) the olfactory coding mechanisms of males of FAW to pheromone blends; (3) the behavioral isolation between the two stains of FAW and outcomes of the hybrids.