Structures and molecular forms of the ghrelin-family peptides |
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Authors: | Nishi Yoshihiro Yoh Junko Hiejima Hiroshi Kojima Masayasu |
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Affiliation: | a Department of Physiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan b Department of Psychiatry, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan c Molecular Genetics, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Hyakunen-kouen 1-1, Kurume, Fukuoka 839-0864, Japan |
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Abstract: | Ghrelin is an acylated peptide hormone produced mainly from the stomach. The major active products of the ghrelin gene in the stomach of rats, mice and humans are 28-amino acid peptides acylated at the serine-3 position with an n-octanoyl group (C8:0), called simply ghrelin. However, recent studies have revealed that the ghrelin gene can generate a variety of bioactive molecules besides ghrelin. These include acyl forms of ghrelin other than C8:0-ghrelin (i.e., n-decanoyl ghrelin or n-decenoyl ghrelin), des-acyl ghrelin, obestatin and ghrelin-associated peptides originated from the ghrelin gene. This review surveys the structures of the ghrelin peptides and molecular forms of ghrelin gene-derived products, and summarizes the knowledge about the functions of these peptides, with an emphasis on the acyl forms of the ghrelin peptide. |
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Keywords: | Acyl ghrelin Decanoyl ghrelin Ghrelin-associated peptides Ghrelin gene-derived products Posttranslational processing and acylation |
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