白暨豚气管和肺的解剖和组织学的研究

白鱀豚的肺分左右2叶,不分小叶,肺门位置高。气管分叉成左右主支气管和气管支气管,气管支气管分叉点的位置较高,情形与拉河豚相近。3条主支气管进入肺以后便成为肺内支气管树的主干,其分支的分布区可暗示假定肺叶的存在(共5叶,左2右3)。从气管起一直到呼吸性支气管都存在软骨组织。气管的粘膜上皮为假复层纤毛柱状上皮,夹有杯状细胞。主支气管为单层柱状上皮,无杯状细胞。小支气管和细支气管又变为假复层纤毛柱状上皮,杯状细胞少。细支气管以下逐步改变为单层柱状上皮和立方上皮。各级支气管均未见腺体存在。从呼吸性细支气管到肺泡管的通道口,有括约肌存在。各级支气管一直到肺泡壁均有平滑肌存在,从断续出现到连续的环层。弹性纤维在整个气管均很丰富。  

STUDY ON THE ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY OF TRACHEA AND LUNG OF LIPOTES VEXILLIFER MILLER

The morphology and histology of the trachea and lung of Lipotes vexillifer Millerhave been studied. The lung of Lipotes is devided into two lobes, namely, the right and the left lobe.Lobulus pulmonis does not exist, and hilus pulmonis is in a high position. The tracheais divided into the right and left truncus bronchialis magistralis and bronches trachealis.The bronchialis trachealis branches off in a rather high position, which is similar tothat in Pontoporia. After entering the lung, the three truncus bronchialis magistralisbecome the trunk of arbor bronchialis. The distribution of the branches indicates, theexistence of lobes which consist of two in the left and three in the right. Tissue of cartilage is found throughout the trachea and the respiratory bronchiole.The epithelum of the trachea is a pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium mingledwith goblet cells. The epithelium of truncus bronchialis magistralis is simple columnarepithelum without any goblet cells. The small bronchus and bronchiole then becomespseudo-stratified columnar ciliated epithelium with a few goblet cells. The bronchiolegradually becomes simple columnar epithelium and cuboidal epithelium. No glands werediscovered in any part of the truncus bronchialis. At the entrance from the respiratorybronchiole to the alveolar duct, sphincter muscle exists. Muscles exist from all parts oftruncus bronchialis to the alveolar walls as interrupted on successive rings. The complete trachea is rich in elastic fibers.