Analysis of Th1 and Th2 cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a parameter of immunological dysfunction in advanced cancer patients |
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Authors: | Shigenori Goto Manami Sato Ryuta Kaneko Masayoshi Itoh Shinobu Sato Shoshichi Takeuchi |
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Institution: | (1) The Institute of Bioregulation, Scarf-Kaikan 5F, 1-2, Sumiyoshicho, Naka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 2310013, Japan e-mail: ysei@green.ocn.ne.jp Fax: +81 45 662 0847, JP;(2) Yokohama Sato Clinic, Yokohama, Japan, JP |
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Abstract: | Purpose: The presence of immunological dysfunction has not been well demonstrated in cancer patients. Recent studies have revealed
that the immune response can be classified into types 1 and 2, and in the present work the immunological function of patients
was studied from the perspective of these two types of response. Methods: Types 1 and 2 immune response were evaluated by monitoring the production of various cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear
cells from 38 patients with advanced cancer of various organs and 20 healthy subjects. The usual immunological parameters,
differential cell leukocyte counts, the level of T cell subsets (CD4 and CD8) and natural killer activity were also examined.
Results: The production of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon γ, IL-10, IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor α was found to be significantly
lower in the patients (75 ± 57, 171 ± 205, 40 ± 34, 8 ± 8, 1450 ± 1010 pg/ml) than in healthy subjects (143 ± 99, 422 ± 296,
64 ± 34, 16 ± 10, 2550 ± 950 pg/ml); however, the mean level of IL-4 in the patients seemed to be higher. The correlations
between different cytokine levels suggested that they were produced differently. Lymphocyte counts were significantly lower
in patients, but there was no difference in the other usual immunological parameters. Conclusions: Patients with advanced cancer are deficient in monocytes and the type 1 immune response. The measurement of various cytokines
reported in this study provides a more sensitive and valuable tool for evaluating the function of cell-mediated immunity in
cancer patients than do the usual tests.
Received: 10 March 1999 / Accepted: 24 June 1999 |
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Keywords: | Immunotherapy Cytokines Th1 and Th2 IL-2 IFNγ |
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