Four or more species of Cladosporium sympatrically colonize Phragmites australis |
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| Authors: | Wirsel Stefan G R Runge-Froböse Christiane Ahrén Dag G Kemen Eric Oliver Richard P Mendgen Kurt W |
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| Institution: | 1. Lehrstuhl für Phytopathologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätstr. 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany;2. Microbial Ecology, Ecology Building, Lund University, 22362, Lund, Sweden;3. Australian Centre for Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogens, School of Biological Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, 6150, Australia;1. School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea;2. College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea;3. Natural Products Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 679 Saimdang-ro, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea;4. Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;2. Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. M. Sklodowskiej- Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland;3. Department of Chemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, ul. Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;4. Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Doswiadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland;1. Plateforme d''Analyse Moléculaire Biodiversité-Environnement, IUT, 85035 La Roche sur Yon, France;2. IRSTV-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, UP EPHor, 49042 Angers, France;3. FLORENTAISE company, 44850 Saint-Mars du Désert, France;4. UMR 6112CNRS, LPG, 44322 Nantes, France;1. Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China;2. Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50014, USA;3. Beijing Engineering Research Center of Seed and Plant Health/Beijing Key Laboratory of Seed Disease Testing and Control, Beijing, 100193, PR China;1. Division of Clinical Research, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8673, Japan;2. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt |
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| Abstract: | A collection of Cladosporium has been recovered from common reed growing at Lake Constance (Germany). High-resolution cryo-scanning electron microscopy revealed that Cladosporium isolates from reed are diverse. Morphologically, we distinguished three species, viz. C. herbarum, C. oxysporum, and Cladosporium sp. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis supported these results and, moreover, separated the most common species, C. oxysporum, into two subclades. Two additional phylogenies were generated to gain support for this finding. The first, differentiating fungi by their capacities to metabolize different carbon sources, showed correlation with morphology. The second, based on actin gene sequences, showed the same overall topology as that of the ITS tree, but resulted in a higher resolution indicating the existence of four or more species of Cladosporium on reed. A nested PCR assay targeting variable sequences within actin introns indicated that these four species sympatrically colonize reed. There was no evidence for mutual exclusion on or within the host or specialization for host habitats or organs. |
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