cGAS-STING信号通路：免疫监视的重要机制

免疫系统识别病原微生物的主要机制之一是识别其核酸。环磷酸鸟苷-腺苷合成酶(cGAS)是一种胞质DNA感受器,感知病原DNA后激活cGAS-STING通路。该通路不仅介导天然免疫应答以抵抗多种含DNA的病原微生物感染,还能感知肿瘤来源的DNA而产生抗肿瘤免疫应答。然而,自体DNA对cGAS-STING通路的异常激活也会导致自身免疫性和炎症性疾病。本文综述了cGAS-STING信号通路及其在抗病毒天然免疫中的调控作用与功能,阐述了cGAS-STING通路在抗病毒感染和疾病中发挥的作用。

cGAS-STING signaling pathway: important mechanisms of immune surveillance

The recognition of microbial nucleic acids is a major mechanism by which the immune system detects pathogenic microorganisms. Cyclic guanosine phosphate adenosine synthase is a cytoplasmic DNA sensor that activates the CGAS-STING pathway after sensing pathogenic DNA. The cGAS-STING pathway not only mediates innate immune response against infections by a large variety of DNA-containing pathogens, but also senses tumor-derived DNA to generate intrinsic antitumor immunity. However, aberrant activation of the cGAS-STING pathway by autologous DNA can also lead to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The paper reviews the cGAS-STING signaling pathway and its regulation and functions in antiviral innate immunity, and expounds the role of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in defensing viral infections and diseases.