Structurally unrelated algal oligosaccharides differentially stimulate growth and defense against tobacco mosaic virus in tobacco plants |
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Authors: | Daniel Laporte Jeannette Vera Nancy P Chandía Elisa A Zúñiga Betty Matsuhiro Alejandra Moenne |
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Institution: | (1) Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Algas, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 40 correo 33, Santiago, Chile;(2) Laboratorio de Hidratos de Carbono, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 40 correo 33, Santiago, Chile |
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Abstract: | Tobacco plants were treated with structurally unrelated oligosaccharides obtained from Chilean marine macroalgae. These oligosaccharides
were prepared by chemical depolymerization of native polysaccharides extracted from brown and red algae and correspond to
pure polymers of around 20 units of guluronic acid (Poly-Gu), mannuronic acid (Poly-Ma) and sulphated galactan (Poly-Ga).
These oligosaccharides were solubilized in water, at a final concentration of 500 μg mL−1, and sprayed on tobacco leaves, once a week for a month. Their effects on the stimulation of growth and defense against tobacco
mosaic virus (TMV) were determined 7 and 15 days after the final spraying, respectively. The activities of several defense
and antioxidant enzymes and the levels of water-soluble antioxidant compounds were determined. Plants treated with Poly-Ga
and Poly-Ma showed an increase in height of 23% and 49%, respectively, whereas Poly-Gu did not stimulate growth. Plants treated
with Poly-Gu, Poly-Ma and Poly-Ga showed an increase in defense against TMV corresponding to decreases in the number of necrotic
lesions of 9%, 22% and 74%, respectively. The stimulation of plant growth correlates with activation of the antioxidant enzyme
ascorbate peroxidase (AP) and with a decrease in ascorbate level. On the other hand, the stimulation of defense against TMV
is correlated with the activation of the defense enzyme phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). These results indicate that algal
oligosaccharides differentially stimulate growth and defense against TMV in tobacco plants and that these processes involve
the activation of the enzymes AP and PAL, respectively. |
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Keywords: | antioxidant compounds antioxidant enzymes defense enzymes growth stimulation TMV infection |
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