胞内致病菌入侵宿主细胞分子机理研究进展

胞内致病菌，指能够侵入宿主细胞且在宿主细胞内存活并繁殖的病原菌。其入侵宿主细胞的过程主要涉及细菌黏附宿主细胞、侵袭、细菌在细胞内存活以及引起宿主细胞损伤等。先前的研究表明大多数胞内致病菌是通过吞噬细胞被动地摄取，而随着分子生物学和免疫学的发展，越来越多的胞内致病菌被证明能主动入侵到宿主细胞体内，并进化出各种调控宿主细胞信号通路的方式。本文讨论了胞内致病菌在入侵宿主细胞时各阶段的共同的分子机制以及常见的胞内致病菌所采取的入侵策略，并对近年来国内外主要相关研究进展做一总结。

Molecular mechanism of intracellular pathogenic bacteria invading host cells

Intracellular pathogenic bacteria can invade the host cells and survive and reproduce in the cells. They infect host cells by adhesion, invasion, and survival, finally causing damage to the host cells. Studies have demonstrated that most intracellular pathogenic bacteria are passively ingested by phagocytes. With the development of molecular biology and immunology, increasing intracellular pathogenic bacteria have been proved to actively invade the host cells and evolve a variety of ways to regulate the host cell signaling pathways for escaping cellular immunity. We provided a brief overview of the common molecular mechanisms of intracellular pathogenic bacteria invading the host cells. Further, we introduced the invasion strategies adopted by common intracellular pathogenic bacteria and summarized the main research advances in recent years.