基于CRISPR/Cas的分子诊断传感器在非核酸分子诊断中的应用

CRISPR/Cas不仅是一种重要的基因编辑工具，而且还是一种有效的分子诊断工具。目前基于CRISPR/Cas建立了一系列的分子诊断传感器系统，广泛应用于核酸、非核酸等检测过程中。与应用较广泛的核酸分子诊断传感器系统相比，基于CRISPR/Cas的非核酸检测系统目前尚未见系统性综述，因此本文围绕基于CRISPR/Cas12和CRISPR/Cas13建立的两大类非核酸分子传感器诊断系统的基本特征、工作流程及其检测原理等进行了全面综述，期望能为CRISPR/Cas分子诊断系统在体外诊断中的应用提供依据。

Application of CRISPR/CAS Molecular Diagnostics Biosensor in Non-nucleic Acid Molecular Diagnosis

CRISPR/Cas is not only an important gene editing tool, but also an effective molecular diagnostic tool. Presently, based on the CRISPR/Cas, a series of molecular diagnostic sensor systems have been established, which are widely used in nucleic acid and non-nucleic acid detection. There have been series reviews of nucleic acid molecular diagnostic sensor system based on CRISPR/Cas. However, there is no systematic review of CRISPR/Cas-based non-nucleic acid detection system. This paper is to review CRISPR/Cas-based non-nucleic acid molecular sensor diagnosis system of characteristics and principles. CRISPR/Cas system of non-nucleic acid molecular sensor diagnosis system is divided into two type, CRISPR/Cas12 and CRISPR/Cas13. Based on CRISPR/Cas12a, detection system of exosomes, CaT-SMelor small-molecule compounds, cell-free biosensors, fDNA-based small-molecule compounds, melamine and ochratoxin was established. Another large class of non-nucleic acid molecular diagnostic sensor systems that based on CRISPR/Cas13 is alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and pathogen detection system. The advantages of CRISPR/Cas of molecular diagnosis in vitro have been demonstrated. Therefore, the basic work flow, detection principle and characteristics of non-nucleic acid molecular diagnosis based on CRISPR/Cas molecular diagnosis sensor system are reviewed in this paper. It is expected to provide a basis for the application of CRISPR/Cas-based molecular diagnostic system in in vitro diagnosis.