消毒、伴生和微生物菌对连作基质性质及黄瓜生长发育的影响

以连续种植2茬的连作基质为对象,采用室内盆栽试验,设置连作基质太阳能消毒、热水消毒、多菌灵消毒、大蒜伴生栽培和施入微生物菌处理以及新基质对照,在种植黄瓜后观测基质理化性质、养分含量、酚类物质含量、相关酶活性的变化以及黄瓜结果期生长发育、光合作用和果实产量的变化,探究不同处理对连作基质栽培黄瓜生长发育影响的机制,以期在生产上为废旧基质重复利用提供新的思路和方法。结果表明:在连作基质栽培黄瓜后,太阳能消毒和热水消毒处理均能显著提高连作基质的pH,同时降低电导率;施入微生物菌处理的基质EC值、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾和总酚含量均显著低于连作基质,而其基质磷酸酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性显著高于连作基质。热水消毒还显著降低连作基质的总酚含量和复合态酚含量。黄瓜生长至结果期,太阳能消毒、热水消毒、多菌灵消毒、大蒜伴生栽培和施入微生物菌均显著增强黄瓜的根系活力和株高;其中热水消毒和施入微生物菌处理的产量增加最为显著,分别比连作基质栽培提高了16.56%和18.40%。可见,连作基质进行热水消毒处理和施入微生物菌处理均能降低基质盐分积累,减少总酚含量,进而显著提高黄瓜的根系活力和光合作用,从而增加产量。

Effects of Disinfection, Accompanying Cultivation and Microbial Agent on the Properties of Continuous Cropping Substrate and Growth of Cucumbers

Taking the continuous cropping substrate for two consecutive times as the object, we conducted the pot experiment to set up the solar disinfection, hot water disinfection, carbendazim disinfection, garlic associated cultivation, microbial agent and new substrate as control. After cucumber planting, we analyzed the changes of the physical and chemical properties, nutrient content, phenolic substance content, related enzyme activities of the substrate, as well as the changes of the growth and development, photosynthesis and fruit yield of cucumber in the fruiting period, to explore the mechanism of the effects of different treatments on the growth and development of cucumber in continuous cropping substrate cultivation, and to provide new ideas and methods for the reuse of waste substrate in production. The results showed that both solar disinfection and hot water disinfection treatments significantly increased the pH of the continuous cropping substrate and decreased the electrical conductivity value after cucumber cultivation in the continuous cropping substrate. The electrical conductivity value, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and total phenol content of the substrate treated with microbial bacteria were significantly lower than those of the continuous cropping substrate, while the substrate phosphatase and catalase activities were significantly higher than those of the continuous cropping substrate. In addition, hot water disinfection significantly reduced the total phenolic content and composite phenolic content of the continuous cropping substrate. When cucumber grew to fruiting stage, solar disinfection, hot water disinfection, carbendazim disinfection, garlic associated cultivation and application of microbial bacteria significantly enhanced the root activity and plant height of cucumber. The most significant increase in yield was observed in hot water disinfection and the application of microbial bacteria, which increased by 16.56% and 18.40% compared to continuous cropping substrate cultivation, respectively. It could be seen that both hot water disinfection treatment and application of microbial bacteria in continuous cropping substrate could reduce the accumulation of substrate salt, reduce total phenolic content, and significantly improve the root vitality and photosynthesis of cucumber, thereby increasing cucumber yield.