社会-生态系统:研究态势、主题演进与地域实践

社会-生态系统综合了人类社会治理与自然环境利用研究视角，为解决全球生态问题提供新途径，是人地系统研究的热点。梳理和归纳社会-生态系统研究的发展历程和近今态势，总结前沿议题和地域实践，对人地系统耦合研究和可持续发展具有重要意义。主要发现如下：社会-生态系统研究领域整体发文量较少，发展阶段受国际重要研究计划和组织的直接影响；欧洲、北美洲和澳大利亚的高校、研究所和政府机构是领域内的主要研究力量，核心作者间合作紧密；我国社会-生态系统研究受资助力度逐年增加，研究内容不断深入，但在国际相关学术话语体系构建和关键作用发挥上仍有较大提升空间。社会-生态系统具有复杂性、地域性和动态性等特点，研究内容涵盖自然生态系统、气候变化、土地利用、社会治理与管理政策等主题，是综合了环境科学、生态学、地理学等自然科学与经济学、政治学和社会学等社会科学的多学科交叉领域；以脆弱性和韧性研究为起点，社会-生态系统研究的发展受到诸多人地关系研究工作的启发和推动，Olsson的动态连接分析、Redman的社会模式与过程和生态格局与过程、Ostrom的公共资源治理是目前影响较广的三个社会-生态系统研究框架。扰沌为解释社会-生态系统快速与慢速交互作用、局部与全球适应性变化提供理论基础，干扰响应机制、系统自组织过程、学习与适应性治理成为社会-生态系统研究核心。海岸带、干旱区和城市等生态环境与社会环境敏感区是社会-生态系统研究最受关注的地域。未来的工作应注重结合我国广泛的地域实践，推动社会-生态系统的理论与方法体系的完善。相关发现为社会-生态系统领域凝炼研究方向和深化科学问题提供了参考。

Social-ecological systems: trends and hotspots, topics evolution, and regional practices

Social-ecological systems (SESs), which integrate social governance and natural environment utilization, are expected to provide an innovative solution for global ecological problems and have gradually become hotspots in human-earth system research. Bibliometrics was conducted to inductive the trends and hotspots in the research of SESs, meanwhile, the development history and the status of the fields were also analyzed. The evolution of the research topics and regional practices were finally summarized. The main findings are as follows: Although there are fewer publications in the field, the development trend has obvious stages due to important international research programs and organizations. Universities, institutes, and government agencies in the three core areas of Europe, North America, and Australia are the main research forces of SESs, and the core authors of the SESs literature have compact collaborative networks. The SESs research in China has gradually been deepened, but it has not formed or been integrated into the international research communities. Research on the complex, regional, and dynamic SESs covers wide topics about natural ecosystems, climate change, land use, social governance, management policies, etc. Interdisciplinarities between natural sciences such as environmental sciences, ecology, and geography and social sciences such as economics, politics, and sociology are the main features of SESs research. Previous research frameworks of the human-earth relationship provide diverse methodological support for SESs research. Olsson''s Dynamic Link Analysis framework, Redman''s Social Pattern and Process and Ecological Pattern and Process, and Ostrom''s Public Resource Governance are three influential SESs analytical frameworks. Panarchy provides the theoretical basis for the understanding of the rapid-slow interactions and local-global adaptive changes between social and ecological systems. Vulnerability and resilience focused on disturbance response, system self-organization process, learning and adaptive governance have been the core of SESs research. Coastal zone, arid zone, urban areas, and other environmentally sensitive areas in ecology and society are most concerned in SESs regional practices. Establishing the theoretical and methodological systems and expanding practices in China are the focus of the future work. The findings help to concise the research interests and deepen the scientific questions in SESs fields.