长江经济带国土空间开发与保护路径优化

长江经济带是重大国家战略发展区域,优化其国土空间开发保护格局是实现生态文明建设的重要内容。研究基于“核心点-发展轴-战略区”的框架,通过国土空间利用强度表征指标及夜间灯光数据识别发展核心点,借助有序加权平均算法模拟多种决策愿景下的空间发展阻力面,运用最小累积阻力模型和电路理论模型识别空间发展轴线及其内部的开发保护战略区,定量构建不同决策偏好的空间格局优化方案,突破了传统研究中单一目标和定性分析的局限。结果表明：长江经济带国土空间发展核心点共63个,约占区域总面积的5%,呈现自东向西递减的空间分布特征;城镇扩张、协同发展和生态约束三类情景下发展轴线均为61条,所覆盖的县级单元分别占总数的36.6%、36.5和36.7%,呈现出“一横三纵”的格局特征;城镇扩张、协同发展和生态约束三类情景下开发战略区分别占轴线面积的4.5%、4.9%、4.8%,多分布于长江干流及其支流沿线。保护战略区分别占轴线面积的17.1%、13.9%、15.3%,主要分布于长江南岸区域。在此基础上形成的国土空间开发保护格局基础架构,能够为落实长江经济带“共抓大保护、不搞大开发”提供决策参考。

Optimization of development and protection pattern of territorial space in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

The Yangtze River Economic Belt is an importantly nationally strategic development zone, and the optimization of its development and protection pattern of territorial space is an important part of realizing the ecological civilization construction. Based on the framework of "Core point-Development axis-Strategic area", the core point of development was extracted by the intensity index of spatial development and nighttime light data, the resistance surface of spatial development under various decision visions was simulated by Ordered Weighted Averaging algorithm, and the Minimum Cumulative Resistance model and Circuit Theory model were used to identify the axis of spatial development and its internal development and protection strategy area. The quantitatively constructed optimization scheme of spatial pattern under different decision preferences breaks through the limitation of single objective and qualitative analysis in the traditional research. The results show that there are 63 development core points of territorial space in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, accounting for about 5% of the total area, and the number of core points decreases from east to west. Under the three scenarios of urban expansion, synergistic development, and ecological constraint, there are 61 development axes, covering county-level units accounting for 36.6%, 36.5% and 36.7% of the total, respectively, showing the pattern of "one horizontal and three verticals". Under the three scenarios, the development strategic areas account for 4.5%, 4.9% and 4.8% of the axis area, respectively, and are mostly distributed along the mainstream of the Yangtze River and its tributaries. The protection strategic areas account for 17.1%, 13.9% and 15.3% of the axis area, respectively, which are mainly distributed on the south bank of the Yangtze River. The development and protection pattern of territorial space formed on this basis can provide decision-making reference for implementing the strategy of "promoting well-coordinated environmental conservation and avoiding excessive development" in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.