基于人为干扰度的盐城滨海湿地景观格局动态变化及响应

为了量化人类活动对盐城滨海湿地景观格局的影响,论文以盐城滨海湿地黄沙港东北侧至四卯酉河口岸段向南延伸4 km的区域为研究对象,基于景观格局指数、人为干扰指数和GIS等方法,利用1984—2020年的6期遥感影像数据,探讨了湿地景观格局和人为干扰度的动态变化及响应。结果表明:研究期间,研究区的自然景观面积总体上呈减少趋势,人工景观持续增长,不断向海推进,并逐渐取代自然景观成为研究区的主导景观;景观破碎化程度加剧,景观形状趋于规则,各斑块连接性减弱,景观多样性降低,但2013年后破碎化程度有减轻趋势;研究区人为干扰度在1984—2006年呈上升趋势,2006—2013年变化趋于平稳,2013年后干扰程度有所减轻;干扰重心由陆向海逐渐迁移,干扰贡献景观类型从耕地转为水产养殖塘。相对于研究区北部,南部区域的人为干扰度变化跳跃性大,中部核心区人为干扰则较为平稳;人类活动的干扰对研究区景观格局影响剧烈,不同程度的人类干扰对景观格局的影响程度也不同,且人为干扰过程与自然演替之间存在一定的对立性。研究表明,将研究区多年景观动态变化与人为干扰度相结合,可以很好地把握景观变化与人类干扰之间的关系,为盐城滨海湿地的管理、保护及海岸带生态环境可持续发展提供科学参考。

Dynamic changes and responses of coastal wetland landscape pattern based on human disturbance degree in Yancheng,Jiangsu Province,China

To quantify the impacts of human activities on landscape pattern of coastal wetlands in Yancheng, we took the area from the northeast of Huangsha Port to the 4-km southward extension of the Simaoyou River port of Yancheng coastal wetland as the research object. Based on the landscape pattern index, hemeroby index, and GIS methods, we analyzed the dynamics and responses of wetland landscape pattern and hemeroby using 6-period remote sensing image data from 1984 to 2020. The results showed that area of natural landscape generally showed a decreasing trend during the study period, and that artificial landscape continued to grow, advancing to the sea, and gradually replaced natural landscape as the dominant landscape. Landscape fragmentation was intensified. The landscape shape tended to be regular. The connectivity of patches was weakened. The diversity of landscapes was reduced. After 2013, the degree of fragmentation had been reduced. The degree of human interference showed an upward trend from 1984 to 2006, and tended to be stable from 2006 to 2013. After 2013, the degree of interference was reduced. The disturbance gravity center gradually shifted from land to sea, and the disturbance-affected landscape type changed from cultivated land to aquaculture pond. Compared with the northern part of the study area, the hemeroby in the southern area varied greatly, while the hemeroby in the central core area was relatively stable. The interference of human activities had severe impacts on landscape pattern, which was dependent on the extent of interference. There was antagonism between human interference and natural succession. The results indicate that the relationship between landscape change and human disturbance can be well understood by combining landscape dynamics and hemeroby over the years in the study area, providing a scientific reference for the management and protection of Yancheng coastal wetlands and the sustainable development of coastal ecological environment.