黄山药栽培试验Ⅱ.几种栽培技术对出苗率、次生根茎生长量、产量和薯蓣皂甙元含量的影响

对黄山药(Divscotea panthaica)两年田间试验的结果表明:在根龄、方式、施肥组合和施肥期4个因素中,根龄是影响出苗率和产量的主要因素,与出苗率和产量为反向关系(即一年生>二年生>三年生);施肥组合是影响生长量的主要因素,其中以施N59.7、P119.7、K29.7 kg/ha的生长量最高,施N 29.9、P 80.1、K 89.1kg/ha的次之;栽培方式主要影响薯蓣皂甙元含量,影响大小顺序为:育苗移栽>地膜覆盖>露地栽培;施肥期只对生长量和产量有一定的影响,以施底肥的最好,分施苗和花肥的次之,施苗肥的最差.出苗率和生长量是构成产量的两个要素.选用嫩种根茎和施用适量N、P、K肥是薯蓣高产栽培的重要措施.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON CULTIVATION OF YELLOW YAM(DIOSCOREA PANTHAICA)-Effects of cultivation Methods on Tuber Production and Diosgenin Content

A two-year field test was carried out to detect the effects of seed tuber age, cultivation methods,fertilizer composition and time on seedling rate,tuber production,new tuber volume and dios-genin content of yellow Yam(Dioscorea panthaica). Results indicated:Seed tuber age was a major factor affecting the seedling ratio and production,both of which decreased when older seed tuber were planted (i. e. ,when annual seed tuber was used,they were respectively 17. 1% and 22. 2% higher than three-years old tubers were planted). Fertilizer composition was key factor affecting volume,the volume was the highest and higher respectively in the plots supplied with 59. 7 kg/ha N, 119. 7 kg/ha P,29. 7 kg/ha K and 29.9 kg/ha N,80. 1 kg/ha P,89. 1 kg/ha K. Cultivation methods influenced primarily the diosgenin content in product tuber,which by comparison was the highest by cultured after seedling,higher with plastic mask and the lowest without mask. Fertilizer time only affected production and volume to some extent, fertilizing before cultivation was the best, fertilizing during seedling and blossom was better, and Fertilizing during seedling the worse. Seedling ratio and volume were two factors of production,therefore,to plant younger seed tuber and to use N,P and K fertilize optimized were important methods to production of yellow Yam planted.