Microsatellite markers and multiple paternity in a paternal care fish, Hexagrammos otakii |
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Authors: | H Munehara O Takenaka |
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Institution: | (1) Usujiri Fisheries Laboratory, Hokkaido University, 152 Usujiri, Minamikayabe, Hokkaido 041-1613, Japan Tel. +81-372-2-5088; Fax +81-372-2-5088 e-mail: hm@pop.fish.hokudai.ac.jp, JP;(2) Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan, JP |
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Abstract: | The fertilization success of sneaking behavior in a paternal care fish, Hexagrammos otakii, was estimated using microsatellites as genetic markers. Sneaking behavior was observed using a video camera placed near
the nest of a breeding territorial male. Two egg masses fertilized by different patterns of sperm emission by the territorial
male and sneaker males were examined for paternity discrimination. When a sneaker emitted a large amount of sperm after sperm
emission by the territorial male, the sneaker fertilized more eggs than the territorial male. When the territorial male and
a sneaker alternately emitted semen, the territorial male fertilized the most eggs. These results suggest that both the amount
of emitted sperm and the timing of sperm emission are important factors in sperm competition.
Received: November 18, 1999 / Accepted: January 17, 2000 |
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Keywords: | Sneaking Counteraction Emission-timing Sperm-ammount Sperm competition Alloparental care |
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