韶赣高速公路(粤境段)建设对路域生态系统鸟类群落的影响

采用样线法对韶赣高速公路(粤境段)路域生态系统中的鸟类进行了连续一年的调查,并同施工前的鸟类调查结果进行了对比分析,研究了该路段高速公路施工对鸟类群落的影响并提出了相应保护措施.鸟类是环境健康评价的良好指示物种,研究结果有助于加强高速公路建设过程中生物多样性的保护.研究结果显示:(1)本次调查共记录到鸟类10目28科55种,其中繁殖鸟45种(81.8％),非繁殖鸟10种(18.2％),具有保护价值的鸟类13种(23.64％),国家一级保护动物1种,黄腹角雉Tragopan caboti;(2)研究区域鸟类群落结构季节变化明显,雨季优于旱季,未受到高速公路施工的显著影响;(3)研究区域鸟类表现出明显的回避作用,主要原因为栖息地破坏,且单一生境类型和食性的鸟类的回避作用更显著;(4)鸟类在受到回避作用从影响区域迁出后,造成了生态位空缺,为适应性更强的鸟类进入该生境创造了条件.基于上述结论对路域生态系统鸟类保护提出以下建议:1)在道路施工期和运营期应尽快开展鸟类生境恢复和招引工作;2)尽可能减少高速公路施工占地面积,并避开鸟类生存敏感区;3)合理安排施工作业时间和工程进度,避免在鸟类繁殖季节进行高强度作业;4)应长期开展鸟类动态监测研究.

Influence of Highway Construction on Avian Community

We surveyed the avian community of road-effect area in Shaogan expressway(Guangdong province) by line transect methods during construction period.The results were compared with the results from pre-construction survey.The effects of highway construction on avian community were discussed and conservation recommendations were proposed based on the results,which are mainly as follow:(1) A total of 55 species was recorded,which belong to 28 families,10 orders.There are 45 species of breeding birds(81.8%) and 10 of non-breeding birds(18.2%).13 species are especially worthy to be protected,among which 1 species named yellow-bellied tragopan(Tragopan caboti) is first-grade state protected species.(2) The avian community of study area has significance seasonal variation without a remarkable influence of highway construction.(3) Certain bird species especially sole-habitat and sole-feeding habits species have been found to leave road-effect area,and the main reason is because of the habitat destruction.(4) The leave-effect produced many ecological niche vacancies,which promote new bird species to inhabit this area.Based on these conclusions,four suggestions were proposed:1) Bird habitat recovery and bird attraction should be implemented in interchange overpass areas;2) Areas occupied by highway facilities should be controlled,and their locations should avoid important bird habitat;3) The operation duration and construction schedule should be reasonable arranged;4) Continuous monitor system should be established to conduct further studies in this field.