小城镇土地利用变化的生态效应分析

采用系统生态学方法，尤其是应用了Simpson生物多样性指数法，前后相隔10年为时间跨度，对小城镇发展典型地区浙江省绍兴县某镇土地利用变化导致的生态效应进行了初步定量分析与研究.结果表明，由于土地使用功能的改变，导致了以绿色植物为计数的Simpson指数增加近2倍，而以土壤微生物为参照的工业和居住用地的Simpson指数均高于农业用地，反映该小城镇发展过程中生物多样性明显降低，并出现了局部气候的恶化(表现为镇区内年平均气温上升，而年平均相对湿度下降)等不良生态效应.

Ecological effects of land-use changes in a small town of Zhejiang Province, China

By the methods of systematic ecology,and that of Simpson's biodiversity indices in particular,this paper quantitatively analyzed the ecological effects of ten years land use changes in a small town with rapid rural urbanization of Shaoxing County,Zhejiang Province,aimed to provide a scientific basis for healthy development of towns and small cities in China.The results showed that owing to the changes of land use functions,the biodiversity of green plants and soil microorganisms was obviously decreased,and the local climate conditions deteriorated,which was represented by the increase of annual mean air temperature and the decrease of annual mean relative humidity in this town.It was suggested that the long-term ecological changes in biodiversity should be considered in land use with rural urbanization.